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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Semitendinosus muscle samples were excised prerigor from 64 crossbred beef animals. Eight animals of each sex condition (bullocks and steers) were slaughtered when they reached age end–points of 8-, 12-12-, 16- and 20-months. The results indicated a significant effect of sex on all hydrometric muscle properties. The values for these traits were generally higher in muscle from bullocks. These differences were especially pronounced in animals 16 months and older. Sex had little effect on muscle pH or the percentages of salt soluble, extractable, and total muscle protein. However, most traits were highly correlated with age. No significant effects of sex regardless of age on emulsifying capacity were noted and many of these traits were unaffected by animal age between 16 and 20 months. Although older animals have less salt soluble protein, its emulsifying capacity is greater and more efficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three Suffolk (Ovis aries) castrate male animals (wethers) were used in this study. Following exsanguination, chilling and primal/subprimal processing, samples were taken from the subcutaneous adipose tissue (Punniculus adiposus) covering the thoraco-lumbar area, and randomly allotted to three low temperature (-29°C) storage treatments (0, 5 and 10 months). During the analyses, each sample was further separated and subjected to three heat/preparation treatments: cooked (163°C) tissue (CT), cooked (163°C) fat (CF), melted (50°C) fat (MF). Carbonyl analyses of each sample were conducted on hexane extracts passed over Celite impregnated with 2,4-DNPH to convert the carbonyls to their 2,4-DNPH derivatives. The monocarbonyl derivatives were eluted from the total carbonyls and were further fractionated into classes. The results indicated that after 5 months of storage the amount of total carbonyls was reduced by 52%, and after 10 months the amount present was only 21%. However, most of the monocarbonyls were present in greater amounts at 5 months than initially or after storage for 10 months. Generally, cooking was observed to increase the amount of all carbonyls present. In fact, alk-2,4-dienals were only detected in the cooked samples. Of the monocarbonyls usually detected in the various samples, the alk-2-ones and alkanals were the predominant classes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Longissimus (LD) muscle samples/steaks were obtained from 32 intact and 32 castrate male crossbred beef animals slaughtered at 8-, 12-, 16-, and 20-months of age. Most of the LD biophysical traits evaluated were significantly affected by age and sex condition. Marbling and texture estimates favored the steers but no sex differences were observed for color and firmness estimates. Objective color, firmness and tenderness measurements generally favored the steers although bullocks showed higher expressible juice values. Steer muscle had a greater cooking rate and less cooking loss than that of bullocks. Little sex differences in cooking time were noted. Age effects on biophysical attributes were most pronounced at 12 and/or 16 months of age. There appears to be little or no improvement in the important biophysical properties of beef longissimus muscle obtained from intact males or from animals older than 16 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Frankfurters were made by standard commercial practices except for the smoke treatment which involved four different methods: solid smoke-aerosol, liquid smoke-aerosol, liquid smoke-external dip, and liquid smoke-internal mix. For control purposes, frankfurters were prepared without any smoke treatment. All frankfurters were packaged and stored at 5°C with samples removed for analyses weekly for 3 wk. Method of smoke application did affect the processed weight of the frankfurters. Liquid smoke-aerosol treatment produced the heaviest franks; the liquid smoke-internal mix application produced franks lighter in weight than the other treatments including the nonsmoked control. Smoke treatment had no significant effect on the fat or total volatile nitrogen (expressed on a fat-free basis) content of the franks. However, it did affect the amounts of moisture, phenol, FFA and TVN as well as the pH and TBA values. The use of the liquid smoke-external dip significantly lowered the nitrite content of the franks when compared to all other treatments which were not different from each other. As the phenol content increased, pH decreased. Generally, storage had no effect on the frankfurter properties evaluated in these studies. However, pH was seen to drop then rise again whereas the amount of FFAs rose then fell during the 3-wk period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 37 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 36 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY —Investigations were undertaken to characterize the volatiles collected from heated boar fat, particularly those components responsible for swine sex odor (SSO). Boar fat volatiles were collected by heating (to 150°C) the ground carcass fat in an all glass distillation apparatus with a liquid nitrogen trap attached. The condensed moisture and liquid nitrogen trap contents were combined and continuously extracted for 48 hr with diethyl ether. The ether was evaporated on a steam bath and the residue subjected to olfactory-gas chromatographic analysis by using a heated collection vent and a flame ionization detector. Using this analytical technique, a perspiration-like odor was detected resembling the SSO that normally emanates from heated boar fat. Further analysis using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer unit gave a molecular ion of 272 for this peak and major fragmentation ions identical to a 5a-androst-16-en-3-one standard. This standard was obtained by chromic acid oxidation of 3a-hydroxy-5a-androst-16-ene. Other types of odors were also noted in the boar fat volatile mixture, including those resembling perfume, wood, onion, musk and “Ivory” soap. This research demonstrated the presence of a unique smelling steroid accounting for the perspiration-like odor of heated boar fat. Furthermore, it has shown that the SSO component can be isolated directly from boar adipose tissue at normal cooking temperatures and atmospheric pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: The physical properties of the major muscles of the round from 30 crossbred beef and 20 straightbred dairy carcasses were studied. Sex, sire and body type were related to these properties. Generally, the steers had longer, heavier and lighter-colored muscles than the heifers. A negative relationship was noted between the specific gravity and reflectance values for the crossbred muscles. The semimembranosus muscle was heaviest and accounted for the highest percent of the rough round in certain beef and dairy sire groups. In the dairy cattle, the weight of the biceps femoris muscle was also affected by sire. Heritability estimates indicated that the weight of the semimembranosus was highly heritable and its percent of the rough round moderately heritable in both beef and dairy cattle. The dairy b. femoris weight and circumference were also moderately heritable. Color reflectance, specific gravity, pH, length and circumference/length ratio were not observed to be heritable physical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 32 (1967), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies were conducted on the lipid composition of 10 normal and 10 pale, soft exudative (PSE) longissimus dorsi muscles of porcine animals. No significant differences, between normal and PSE muscles, were noted in total lipid or fatty acid composition. Likewise, neither lipid content or composition appeared to be related to the post-mortem extract-ability of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 210 (1966), S. 861-861 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ten experimental animals (Sus domesticus), averaging 120 kg and similar in genetic and nutritional backgrounds, were used in this investigation. Samples of the panniculus adiposus were excised from the lumbar region of the right side of the carcass immediately after exsanguination and at 30 min, 1, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 36 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— Three different studies were conducted to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of a widely accepted method for determining organochlorine pesticide residues in animals' tissues. These investigations involved laboratories of both state and federal regulatory agencies. Various adipose tissues, heat-extracted and non-heat-extracted, spiked and unspiked samples were analyzed by these laboratories. Results of these studies demonstrated many inaccuracies and inconsistencies associated with using the current method. The laboratory performing the analysis, as well as the tissue sample used, was shown to significantly (P 〈 .05) affect the results. Further, the heat-extraction phase, as well as the subsequent analytical phase of the method, was observed (P 〈 .05) to present problems of repeatability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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