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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Birefringence detection of the order-to-disorder transition in block copolymer liquids (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 25 (1992), S. 3896-3901 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00041a011
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray structural studies of freely suspended ordered hydrated DMPC multimembrane films (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 4519-4529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have performed x-ray scattering studies of freely suspended, thick (∼2μ), oriented dimyristoyl–phosphatidyl–choline (DMPC)–water multilamellar films with the emphasis on the ordered phases. These stable films were drawn in situ on a triple axis x-ray spectrometer at a controlled, continuously variable temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH). The structure was determined at several temperatures and humidities and a T–RH phase diagram was constructed. We have found that the previously labeled ordered Lβ' phase is in fact three distinct two-dimensional phases differentiated by the direction of chain tilt with respect to the in-plane lattice. The line shapes of the scattering data indicate that a lower limit of ∼200 A(ring) may be placed on the in-plane chain–chain correlation length, while the chain positions are uncorrelated across the water layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457764
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray Couette shear cell for nonequilibrium structural studies of complex fluids under flow (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1309-1318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have designed and constructed a sealed, temperature-controlled Couette-type shear cell which allows us to carry out in situ synchrotron x-ray scattering studies of the nonequilibrium structures of complex fluids under flow, probing lengths ranging from the nanometer to the semimacroscopic micron scale. The sealed design allows the cell to be tilted, facilitating the scanning of all directions in reciprocal space. In contrast to existing neutron shear cells, we access the shear plane containing the velocity and the velocity gradient. The temperature control of the cell enables us to carry out phase transition studies far from equilibrium. The complex fluid systems which may be studied with this cell include thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals, microemulsions, and polymeric fluids. Recent results on the nematic and smectic-A phases of a liquid crystal, and the disordered bicontinuous L3 phases of surfactant membranes in the vicinity of the ordered lamellar Lα phase under flow, are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144085
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-assembly and protein stability (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 370 (1994), S. 105-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SAFINYA AND ROTHSCHILD REPLY - We agree that there are several previously reported examples in which dehydration or suspension in anhydrous organic sol-vents leads to enhanced protein stabiliza-tion against denaturation. However in our study we observed stabilization of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/370105c0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Studies of DNA–Cationic Lipid Complexes Confined in Lithographically Patterned Microchannel Arrays (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 19 (1998), S. 1165-1174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: Bragg–Fresnel optics ; confinement ; DNA complexes ; micro-channel arrays ; x-ray diffraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have used lithographically patterned microchannel arrays with channel widths ranging from 1 to 20 μm, fabricated using electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching, in structural studies of DNA–cationic lipid complexes in confinement. Various techniques have been developed for loading these DNA–membrane complexes into the microchannels or to form the complexes in situ by sequentially depositing DNA and lipid solutions into the microchannels. Optical microscopy studies indicate that such complex formation is strongly influenced by the periodic channel structure even at channel widths much larger than the persistent length of the DNA molecules. Preliminary x-ray diffraction experiments conducted at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) yielded only a weak signal from the lipid bilayers in the complexes. The use of a microfocused x-ray beam produced by the newly developed Bragg–Fresnel optics at a third-generation synchrotron facility may dramatically increase the signal-to-noise ratio and allow observation of orientational as well as positional ordering of DNA molecules induced by the microchannels. Structural control of the DNA–membrane complexes has a broad range of potential applications in gene probe technology and as mesoscopic biomolecular composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022697927651
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of flow in a smectic liquid crystal in the X-ray Surface Forces Apparatus (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 16 (1995), S. 299-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: confinement ; SFA ; Surface Forces Aparatus ; X-Ray Surface Forces Apparatus ; XSFA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe the newly invented X-Ray Surface Forces Apparatus (X-SFA) which allows the simultaneous measurement of forces and collective structures of confined complex fluids under static and flow conditions. The structure of the smectic liquid crystal 8CB (4-cyano-4′-octylbiphenyl) f confined between two mica surfaces with separation ranging from 4000 to 20,000 A was measured. At small gaps and no shear, the smectic layers take on distinct stable orientations, including the bulk forbidden “h” orientation. which persist under low shear ( $$\dot \gamma $$ ⩽ 30 s−1). However, at higher shear rates $$\dot \gamma $$ ⩽ 360 s−1) the shear acts to dramatically order and align the smectic layers into a single“a” orientation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01441895
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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