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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age and Sex Differences in the Bone Mineral Density of the Distal Forearm Based on Health Check-up Data of 6343 Japanese (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 772-777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Age – Bone mineral density (BMD) – Distal forearm – Ethnic difference – Japanese – Sex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Bone mineral density (BMD) predicts osteoporotic fractures. The incidence of osteoporotic fractures in Japan is lower than among Caucasians, but fewer data on the BMD of Asians have been reported. This study attempted to clarify the age and sex differences in the forearm BMD of healthy adult Japanese and to assess racial differences between Japanese and Caucasians. The subjects were 6343 healthy adult Japanese (5281 females, 1062 males) who underwent a health check-up at a health care service center between February 1995 and August 1999. Subjects’ age ranged from 15 to 80 years. The BMD of the distal radius and ulna of the non dominant forearm was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Overall, the forearm BMD of men was greater than that of women in all age groups. Peak BMD was 0.484 g/cm2 in the 40–44 year age group of women and 0.590 g/cm2 in the 30–34 year age group of men. The forearm BMD of women under 50 years of age (the average age at menopause) increased slightly with age (2.0%/decade, p〈0.0001), but it did not among their male counterparts. After 50 years of age, BMD of the women decreased linearly (–1.6%/year, p〈0.0001) with age, the rate of decrease being 1.7-fold faster than in their male counterparts. Rates of gain and loss of forearm BMD differ between the sexes. In comparison with data previously reported, we did not find any evidence of racial differences in BMD as an explanation for the lower incidence of osteoporotic fractures in Japan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980070056
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of cervical lesions in rheumatoid arthritis: cross-sectional study on 263 patients (2000)
    Springer
    Modern rheumatology 10 (2000), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-7609
    Keywords: Key words Rheumatoid arthritis ; Cervical lesion ; Atlantoaxial subluxation ; Subaxial subluxation ; Vertical subluxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spinal lesions in upper and sublaxilar cervical vertebrae were studied radiologically in 263 patients (25 men and 238 women) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their average age was 58.9 years, and their disease duration was ranged from 6 months to 24 years (mean 13 years). Functional lateral views of the cervical spine were made. Atlantaxial subluxation (AAS) and vertical subluxation (VS) were evaluated as upper cervical lesions. Subaxilar subluxation (SAS) and endplate erosion were evaluated as subaxilar cervical lesions. One hundred and seventy-eight (67.7%) of the patients had a cervical lesion. Upper and subaxilar cervical abnormalities were recognized in 136 (51.7%) and 113 (43.0%) patients, respectively. There was no linkage between upper and subaxilar cervical lesions. While the prevalence of these lesions increased with time, the frequency was found to be over 50% within only 5 years from onset in patients with mutilating deformity. This prevalence tended to be associated with disease activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101650070004
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topological design considering flexibility under periodic loads (2000)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 19 (2000), S. 4-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Topology optimization has been extensively considered to design the structural configuration for the stiffness maximization and the eigenfrequency maximization. In this paper, we construct a topology optimization method implementing flexibility with the time-periodic loading condition. First, the flexibility in the dynamic periodic loading is formulated using the mutual energy concept. Second, the multi-optimization problem is formulated using a new multi-objective function in order to obtain an optimal solution incorporating both flexibility and stiffness. Next, the topology optimization procedure is developed using the homogenization design method. Finally, some examples are provided to confirm the optimal design method presented here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001580050082
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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