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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesoscale observations of surface fronts and low pressure centres in Canadian East Coast winter storms (1993)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 64 (1993), S. 15-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The movements of surface cold and warm fronts and low pressure centres have been observed in several Atlantic Canada winter storms. Statistical aspects of the ‘well-defined’ surface fronts (7 warm and 6 cold) are presented. Surface wind direction change was considered as the best indicator of the boundaries of the front; frontal zone widths ranged from 23 to 144 km. Average values of wind shifts were 107° for the cold fronts and 85° for warm fronts. Several case studies are presented, based primarily on surface MesoNet data (near Halifax, Nova Scotia and on Sable Island). In two of the cold fronts, there was a two-stage surface structure and rapid evolution as the front passed over the MesoNet. In some cases, both warm and cold, the wind shift and temperature change were coincident while in others they were not. In particular we observed that wind shifts often started 20–30 min ahead of the start of a temperature decrease in these cold frontal passages. A possible mechanism for this is discussed. We found little or no evidence of along-front structure in our data although other investigators have found considerable along-front variation on scales of 0(10 km). Observations of the passage of one low pressure centre are presented. In a second case, surface temperature changes indicated an apparent low pressure centre passage through the Sable Island MesoNet but closer inspection provides an alternative interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705661
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersion analysis in homogeneous lakes (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15 (1980), S. 1627-1642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper is devoted to a comparison of the relative accuracy of two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional finite element representations of contaminant dispersion in shallow lakes. Formulations of both types are developed, followed by numerical calculations of a hypothetical lake. The results indicate that for typical lakes a two-dimensional dispersion analysis can be employed in the absence of a significant advective contribution. With significant advection the two-dimensional approach is not sufficiently accurate. A two-dimensional dispersion analysis requires approximately the same computational resources as a three-dimensional circulation analysis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620151106
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cubic spline boundary elements (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 543-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary integral method is formulated and applied using cubic spline interpolation along the boundary for both the geometry and the primary variables. The cubic spline interpolation has continuous first and second derivatives between elements, thus allowing the accurate calculation of derivative dependent functions (on the boundary) such as velocity in potential flow. The spline functions also smooth the geometry and can represent curved sections with fewer nodes.The results of numerical experiments indicate that the accuracy of the boundary integral equation method is improved for a given number of elements by using cubic spline interpolation. It is, however, necessary to use numerical quadrature. The quadrature slows calculation and/or degrades the accuracy. The numerical experiments indicate that most problems run faster for a given accuracy using linear interpolation. There seems to be a class of problems, however, which requires higher order interpolation and/or continuous derivatives for which the cubic spline interpolation works much better than linear interpolation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170405
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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