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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Neurophysiological Correlate of an Immune Response (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 496 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb35787.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bursting activity in tuberoinfundibular neurones during electrical stimulation of the rostral hypothalamus (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Tuberoinfundibular neurones ; Hypothalamic stimulation ; Bursting activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The firing of tuberoinfundibular neurones antidromically identified as projecting to the median eminence was recorded during electrical stimulation of the preoptic and/or anterior hypothalamic areas (PO/AH) of the rostral hypothalamus. Parameters of stimulation were chosen which are known to cause increased secretion of most adenohypophyseal hormones. Twenty-three of 58 neurones were excited during the periods of stimulation and approximately half of these excited cells fired in a bursting fashion reminiscent of that previously observed in other endocrine neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237074
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleus accumbens and preoptic area stimulation: tuberoinfundibular single unit responses, modulation of electrical activity and gonadotrophin secretion (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1985), S. 400-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Preoptic area ; Nucleus accumbens ; Tuberoinfundibular neurones ; Neuromodulation ; Gonadotrophin secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single unit activity was recorded from tuberoinfundibular neurones in urethane-anaesthetized pro-oestrous rats. Responses following single shock (0.2 Hz) stimulation of the preoptic area/ anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) or nucleus accumbens (ACB) were recorded and computed for 137 single units. More cells were shown, by antidromic activation, to project to ACB (4 of 77) than to PO/ AH (1 of 60). Fewer units were responsive to stimulation of ACB (p 〈 0.02), those that were responsive showing a longer latency to the onset of response compared to that following PO/AH stimulation. Significantly (p 〈 0.02) more slowly firing cells were found in the group of animals tested with stimulation of PO/AH. Delivery of high frequency stimulation to PO/AH resulted in a 2 1/2 fold increase in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels (p 〈 0.05), whereas ACB-stimulated and control animals showed no increases in plasma LH concentrations. During delivery of the high frequency stimulation only one cell in the ACB group of animals was orthodromically affected (out of five tested). However, in the PO/AH group, five of the seven cells tested showed either excitation or inhibition during stimulation. The possibility that the functional connections demonstrated between ACB and the endocrine hypothalamus are involved in the expression of ‘higher’ brain functions, recognised during changing endocrine states, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236546
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiology of supraoptico-paraventricular nucleus connections in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 69 (1987), S. 60-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Paraventricular nucleus ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Electrophysiology ; Interconnections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to clarify the mechanisms involved during synchronous discharge of magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, extracellular action potentials were recorded from 149 single units located in the rat paraventricular nucleus. Responses of the cells to stimulation of the ipsilateral supraoptic nucleus were recorded and it was observed that 7% of paraventricular nucleus neurones could be antidromically identified as projecting to the supraoptic nucleus. Excitatory responses were recorded from 40% of cells tested and were probably mediated by an interneurone population. Inhibitory responses were recorded from 37% of the cells and may have been mediated by direct projections from the supraoptic nucleus. No differences in responses were recorded from cells identified as projecting to the median eminence or neurohypophysis as compared with the rest of the population tested. However, more of the phasically firing putative vasopressin-secreting cells, (58%) were excited than were continuously active cells (38%). Delivery of short trains of high-frequency stimulation induced bursts of discharge from 93% of cells so tested, regardless of response to single shock stimulation. These burst discharges showed a late onset as compared with responses following single shock stimulation. The results suggest that a complex of intra- and internuclear interactions serve to regulate the neurosecretory activity of magnocellular cells within the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247029
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paraventricular nucleus magnocellular neuronal responses following electrical stimulation of the midbrain dorsal raphe (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 85 (1991), S. 359-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dorsal raphe ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Serotonin ; Magnocellular neurons ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to determine the responses of paraventricular nucleus magnocellular neurones following activation of central serotonergic pathways, single unit activity was recorded and responses following electrical stimulation of the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus were examined. Approximately one third (32%) of the phasically active, vasopressin-secreting neurones were inhibited by the stimulation, the remaining such cells being nonresponsive. In contrast, only two of the non-phasic cells (13%) were inhibited by the stimulation whilst 53% were excited (p〈 0.005, chi2-test). The onset latency of both inhibitory and excitatory responses were similar, whilst offset of the inhibitory responses was about twice that of the excitatory responses (p 〈 0.005, t-test). Two of the nonphasic cells were antidromically identified as projecting to the dorsal raphe. The results obtained indicate a role for dorsal raphe projections to the paraventricular nucleus in the regulation of neurohypophysial hormone secretion. The observation that different sub-populations of the cells recorded showed different responses, suggests that several mechanisms may be involved in the control of neuronal activity in the region recorded, in response to activation of the central serotonergic pathway examined. The results obtained are intended to further clarify the neural mechanisms regulating the secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229413
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of interleukin-1 on adrenocortical activity in intact and hypothalamic deafferentated male rats (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Interleukin 1 ; Complete hypothalamic deafferentation ; Hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was designed to elucidate the site of action of interleukin 1 (IL-1) modulation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal (HHA) axis. An intraperitoneal injection of recombinant human IL-1β (160 U/rat) significantly elevated serum levels of ACTH and corticosterone (CS). In rats with complete mediobasal hypothalamic deafferentation, the HHA response to IL-1 was inhibited. An intracerebroventricular injection of rIL-1 (2 U/ rat) caused a marked increase in serum ACTH and CS. These results suggest that IL-1 activates the HHA axis by a direct effect upon the brain, and that intact neural connections between the mediobasal hypothalamus and extrahypothalamic brain regions are essential for IL-1-induced HHA responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253643
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential recovery of adrenocortical responses to neural stimuli following administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the hypothalamus (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 85 (1991), S. 144-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neural stimuli ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Corticotropin-releasing factor ; Serotonin ; 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In view of the role of serotonin in adrenocortical regulation, the effects of depletion of hypothalamic serotonin, using localized injections of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, on the rise in plasma corticosterone following afferent neural stimulation, were studied. The neurotoxin caused a significant reduction (p〈0.001) in hypothalamic serotonin content of about 50% during the first month and about 30% up to two months later. Basal and ether stress-induced rises in plasma corticosterone levels were unaffected at all times after this treatment, but responses to stimulation of the sciatic nerve were reduced for up to four weeks (p〈0.01), recovering at later times. Responses to photic and acoustic stimuli were almost entirely prevented up to four weeks following the treatment (p〈0.001) but showed a gradual recovery to full, or almost full, adrenocortical responses at eight weeks, following acoustic and photic stimulation respectively. These results demonstrate a differential recovery of the adrenocortical responses, following the neurotoxin injection and indicate that different neural modalities require different 5-HT concentrations in the PVN for the expression of a full adrenocortical response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229995
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paraventricular nucleus neuronal responses following electrical stimulation of the midbrain dorsal raphe: evidence for cotransmission (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dorsal raphe ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Serotonin ; Corticotropin-releasing factor ; Co-transmission ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to determine the responses of paraventricular nucleus neurones following activation of central serotonergic pathways, single unit activity was recorded and responses following electrical stimulation of the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus were examined. Excitation was recorded from approximately 50% of the cells, independent of whether they were antidromically identified as projecting to the median eminence or unidentified. Approximately 20% of cells were inhibited by the stimulation, the majority of these being unidentified. Parachlorophenylalanine-induced inhibition of serotonin synthesis reduced hypothalamic serotonin levels by 77% and caused a significant reduction in the proportion of cells excited by the stimulation, whereas the inhibitory responses were not affected. Intracerebroventricular administration of the serotonergic neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, which caused similar reductions in hypothalamic serotonin content (77%), reduced still further the proportion of excitatory responses and also reduced the proportion of cells inhibited by the stimulation. The data obtained suggest that serotonin acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the paraventricular nucleus; this is discussed particularly with respect to the regulation of the hypothalamo-hypophysial-adrenocortical axis. The loss of inhibitory responses in 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine treated, as opposed to the parachlorophenylalanine treated, animals suggests that the serotonergic fibers innervating the recorded cells may contain a cosecreted substance that may have important physiological actions in the control of neuronal activity in the region recorded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228913
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