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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. S203 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Neuroimaging ; Diffusion-weighted MR ; Perfusion-weighted MR ; Infarction ; Ischaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Cerebral infarct causes over 170, 000 deaths per year in the United States. Recent developments in neuroimaging are providing an insight into focal cerebral ischaemia, including its pathophysiology and the area of brain at risk. Perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) allows evaluation of the blood supply to the ischaemic area, and diffusion-weighted MR permits assessment of tissue damage. Although both functional imaging techniques require some refinement, it is likely that they will soon become part of the normal clinical routine and allow accurate characterisation of pathology. It is expected that this may eventually lead to the development of new treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Cerebral CT ; Nonionic contrast media ; Isotonic dimer ; Double-blind method ; Iodixanol ; Iohexol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Iodixanol is a new nonionic dimer, isotonic with blood at all clinically relevant concentrations. Iodixanol (270 mg I/ml) was compared in a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, phase-III study to the monomeric nonionic iohexol (300 mg I/ml) for evaluation of safety, tolerability and radiographic efficacy during cerebral CT. One hundred adult patients scheduled to undergo contrast-enhanced cerebral CT were randomly allocated to receive either iodixanol or iohexol. All completed the trial. Safety was evaluated by recording discomfort and other adverse events, tolerance by assessing intensity and incidence of discomfort. Radiographic efficacy was assessed from the diagnostic information and the radiographic density. No serious adverse events occurred. One patient (2 %) in the iodixanol group and one patient (2 %) in the iohexol group experienced a transient reddening at the neck and lower neck-line, respectively. Both contrast agents were well tolerated. One patient (2 %) in the iodixanol group and two patients (4 %) in the iohexol group experienced a sensation of warmth (discomfort) in connection with the injection. No difference between the two contrast media were noted radiographically. This comparison between iodixanol and iohexol showed both contrast media to be safe, well-tolerated and efficacious for use in cerebral CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1047-1054 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Brain tumors ; MR imaging ; Neuronavigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The radiologic modality that most likely provides the imaging information needed in a patient suspected of having a brain tumor is MR imaging. A brain tumor can be reliably ruled out if the MR examination is performed properly and experts interpret the results as negative. If there is a tumor, however, its exact location and topography must be determined. Important for therapy and prognosis are also tumor properties such as histologic type and grade, as well as effects on adjacent brain structures. Although potentially a noninvasive method of in vivo neuropathology, MR is still far from being sufficiently specific, as dissimilar lesions may look the same despite the use of refined imaging protocols. The evolution of MR imaging continues, however, making further methodologic improvement likely. Presently, advanced methods, such as diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MR imaging, functional MR imaging, neuronavigation based on MR imaging data, and the use of MR imaging during surgery (intraoperative MR imaging), influence the way patients are treated. Likewise, follow-up imaging (monitoring) of tumor patients by MR has become more effective, and experience has shown how to distinguish reactive changes from recurrent tumor. In the future, MR imaging may gain importance in the development of novel therapeutic concepts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Middle cerebral artery occlusion ; cerebral blood flow ; ischaemia ; reperfusion ; laser Doppler flowmetry ; hydrogen clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monitoring cerebral blood flow during focal ischaemia and reperfusion with established techniques such as hydrogen clearance and autoradiography is difficult. Laser Doppler flowmetry is a new technique, it allows one to continuously measure blood flow in small tissue samples. The objective of this study was to compare laser Doppler flowmetry with hydrogen clearance using a new single fiber probe to obtain measurements in deep brain structures and then to show the temporal profile of cerebral blood flow during focal ischaemia and after reperfusion. First, the single fiber laser Doppler method was compared with the hydrogen clearance method in ten Wistar rats. Second, focal cerebral ischaemia was induced in fifteen Wistar rats using a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion based on the intravascular insertion of a nylon suture; reperfusion occurred after withdrawal of the suture. The laser Doppler probe was placed in the lateral caudatoputamen, and local cerebral blood flow was measured continuously before and during occlusion as well as after reperfusion. The relative blood flow values obtained by the laser Doppler method and the hydrogen clearance method showed a good correlation (r=0.76) and a linear relationship. A rapid decrease in laser Doppler flowmetry to 42±16% of former baseline values was seen with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery; during occlusion cerebral blood flow remained at this level. Reperfusion resulted in a heterogeneous pattern of cerebral blood flow as laser Doppler flowmetry values ranged from 25% to 134% of baseline values. The effects of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion on cerebral blood flow can be monitored on-line with laser Doppler flowmetry. Our findings suggest that this method, with the high spatial and temporal resolution characteristics of its new single fiber probe, allows one to continuously measure microcirculatory blood flow in deep brain structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 55 (1981), S. 273-281 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Systematic review of the cerebral angiograms of 446 head trauma patients (1971–1978) revealed the presence of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) in 8 cases (1.8%), the total number of angiographically demonstrable injuries of the MMA being 18 (4%). AV fistulae of the MMA may prevent formation of epidural haematoma, but they are frequently associated with so severe damage to skull and brain that prognosis is nevertheless grave. A close relationship between the tighter adherence of the dura to bone in older age and development of an AV fistula of the MMA following trauma to the skull may be presumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 6 (2000), S. 930-938 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 29 (1987), S. 19-29 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Base of skull, magnetic resonance studies ; Pituitary, neoplasms ; Meninges, neoplasms ; Paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, abnormalities ; Vascular anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine its diagnostic efficacy in infra-, para- and retrosellar mass lesions magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was compared with computed tomography (CT) in 39 cases. Thirty-six lesions were imaged with a Siemens 0.5 T superconducting unit, three with a 1.5 T unit. CT scanning was performed with third generation equipment. There were 28 neoplasms including eight pituitary adenomas with infrasellar extension, four meningiomas, four extensions from regional malignancies, three chordomas, three juvenile angiofibromas, three medial temporal gliomas, and one each of neuroma, epidermoid and metastasis. Eleven non-neoplastic masses included four vascular anomalies, three cholesterol granulomas, two arachnoid cysts, one sphenoid mucocele and one mixed sclerosing bone dystrophy with masslike thickening of basisphenoid and basiocciput. While MR and CT were equally sensitive (100%), MR was superior in further delineating and characterizing a lesion. MR showed normal or abnormal blood vessels better than CT, and revealed changes of compact bone often quite satisfactorily. Effects on the brain parenchyma or CSF and airspaces were consistently well demonstrated. Provided absence of contraindications MR should be the primary radiologic screening test in suspected mass lesions of above location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 15 (1978), S. 95-98 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Angiography ; Arteriovenous malformation ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spontaneous disappearance of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation, presumably secondary to thrombosis, was demonstrated in a young female patient by angiography and computed tomography 11 and 13 years respectively after the initial radiographic demonstration of the lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 19 (1980), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Vascular anomaly ; Vertebral artery ; Vertebral angiography ; Interior thyroid artery ; Thyroid surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The known rare occurrence of related anomalies of origin of vertebral and inferior thyroid arteries appears not to be documented in the angiographic literature. Three cases with manifestation on the left side are presented. Embryology is discussed briefly. Knowledge of such anomalies is of importance to surgeons as well as angiographers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 338-340 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Hema ; Latex balloon ; Silicone balloon ; Interventional therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with detachable balloons requires filling materials that harden reliably and are compatible with the balloon. While the incompatibility of latex balloons and hema from different manufacturers is known, no incompatibility has been assumed thus far if both balloon and hema were from the same manufacturer. In two series of experiments, we filled a total of 20 latex balloons with hema as recommended by the balloon manufacturer. Within an observation time of 4 weeks all latex balloons ruptured. At the time of rupture, the balloons had gained 5–10% in weight, most likely due to osmotic shifts in water. Simultaneously, hardening of the hema resulted in a loss of elasticity of the latex. Until these compatibility problems are solved, silicone rather than latex balloons should be used with permanent filling materials such as hema for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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