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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Neovascularization ; Spleen ; Autotransplantation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neovascularization during regenerating process in splenic tissue autotransplanted into rat omentum was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts. The results obtained indicated that neovascularization is classified into the following four steps; (1) capillarization in the connective tissue surrounding the degenerating autograft, (2) connection of blood vessels between the still surviving splenic cords and capillaries in the surrounding tissue, (3) rebuilding of the splenic sinuses and (4) remodelling of regenerated blood vessels. This neovascularization process is specific in that the preexisting splenic cords play an important role in angiogenesis during regenerative process in the autograft.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: small bowel transplantation ; rejection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Small bowel rejection occurs in patches; therefore, to detect bowel rejection in situations where a stomal biopsy appears normal under the light microscope, we studied the ultrastructural changes in bowel microvilli following heterotopic small bowel transplantation in rats. Thin sections of bowel biopsy specimens, which appeared normal under a light microscope, were selected and examined under an electron microscope for microvillous changes. Microvillous changes were seen in both the syngeneic and allogeneic groups on the 2nd and 4th postoperative days, but these changes were absent in the syngeneic group by the 8th postoperative day, although they were still detected in the allogeneic group. Thus, following small bowel transplantation, electron microscopic analysis is recommended to confirm rejection with a patchy distribution after the 8th postoperative day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 44 (1988), S. 305-314 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Historical observations of the surface current and daily mean sea level during the period 1965–1985 are analyzed in order to examine the geostrophic balance of the Kuroshio current in the Tokara Strait and near the Izu Islands. The variation in the sea level difference across the Kuroshio is associated with a variation in surface current velocity as predicted by the theory of geostrophic balance. However, the slope of the linear relation between the current velocity and sea level difference is smaller than the theoretically predicted value by about 30%. This disagreement may be ascribed to the effects of the centrifugal force and the occasional rise in sea level due to storm surges. Absolute mean sea level differences between the tidal stations are estimated by making use of the empirical relationship between the surface current and sea level difference. Estimated differences are: 87.4±22.1 cm between Naze and Nishinoomote, 24.3±9.2 cm between Miyake and Minamiizu, 41.3±17.7 cm between Miyake and Mera and 45.1±8.8 cm between Hachijyo and Miyake. The absolute value of sea level difference between Miyake and Minamiizu and that between Miyake and Mera may be about 30 cm, since geodetic levelling tells us that the mean sea level at Minamiizu is nearly equal to that at Mera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Inguinal lymph nodes ; High-endothelial venules (HEV) ; Lymphocyte emigration ; Intravascular bridging cells ; Minipig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lymph nodes in pigs are unique in their inverted structure, with the medulla in the periphery and the cortex in central areas. Furthermore, in this species most migrating lymphocytes do not use the classical route via efferent lymphatics to leave the lymph node. High-endothelial venules (HEV) are the entry sites for lymphocytes and in pigs probably also the exit site for recirculating lymphocytes. Therefore, the blood vessels and especially the HEV of the pig superficial inguinal lymph node were investigated as to whether morphological peculiarities could be found in the vascular system, using vascular casting, transmission- and scanning electron microscopy. A thin layer of capillary network surrounded the periphery of the lymph node and HEV branched acutely. The endothelial cells of HEV possessed well developed cytoplasmic organelles, interdigitated with each other, and demonstrated local cell-cell contacts. There were unusual cells bridging the adluminal wall of HEV. These cells were called intravascular bridging cells. They were characterized by an often invaginated nucleus, few pinocytotic vesicles, many microvilli on the surface, wide, flat, cytoplasmic processes like a pseudopod, Weibel-Palade bodies and local cell-cell contacts with endothelial cells. The pseudopod-like processes ramified over the endothelial junctions and covered lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were seen in different phases of migration between endothelial cells and in the intercellular junctions. The previous functional studies on the peculiar route of lymphocyte recirculation in pig lymph nodes are extended by these morphological data, showing a unique structure of HEV in pigs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Inguinal lymph nodes – High-endothelial venules (HEV) – Lymphocyte emigration – Intravascular bridging cells – Minipig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Lymph nodes in pigs are unique in their inverted structure, with the medulla in the periphery and the cortex in central areas. Furthermore, in this species most migrating lymphocytes do not use the classical route via efferent lymphatics to leave the lymph node. High- endothelial venules (HEV) are the entry sites for lymphocytes and in pigs probably also the exit site for recirculating lymphocytes. Therefore, the blood vessels and especially the HEV of the pig superficial inguinal lymph node were investigated as to whether morphological peculiarities could be found in the vascular system, using vascular casting, transmission- and scanning electron microscopy. A thin layer of capillary network surrounded the periphery of the lymph node and HEV branched acutely. The endothelial cells of HEV possessed well developed cytoplasmic organelles, interdigitated with each other, and demonstrated local cell-cell contacts. There were unusual cells bridging the adluminal wall of HEV. These cells were called intravascular bridging cells. They were characterized by an often invaginated nucleus, few pinocytotic vesicles, many microvilli on the surface, wide, flat, cytoplasmic processes like a pseudopod, Weibel-Palade bodies and local cell-cell contacts with endothelial cells. The pseudopod-like processes ramified over the endothelial junctions and covered lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were seen in different phases of migration between endothelial cells and in the intercellular junctions. The previous functional studies on the peculiar route of lymphocyte recirculation in pig lymph nodes are extended by these morphological data, showing a unique structure of HEV in pigs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 233 (1992), S. 485-492 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-seven cadavers (12 male, 15 female aged 28 to 94 years, average 75 years) were dissected to analyze the arterial supply of the lumbar lymph nodes with angiography and an image processor-analyzer. The lymph nodes on the left side of the abdominal aorta fused to form several elongated nodes. The lymph nodes on the right side remained separated. A few lymph nodes aggregated below the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta. They received a few branches directly from the abdominal aorta or from the renal, gonadal and/or iliac arteries, which anastomosed with each other to form an arterial arc. This anastomosis gave small paired twigs to the parenchyma continuously. In the case of well developed lymph nodes dorsal to the inferior vena cava, a vessel from the lower abdominal aorta passed upward to supply them. The diameter of these vessels in the angiogram was 0.09-0.27 mm, measured with the image processor-analyzer.These results show that the lumbar lymph nodes do not receive a single artery through the hilus, but through several branches, whose anastomoses form a collateral system associated with the abdominal aorta. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 238 (1994), S. 473-479 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: High endothelial venules ; Autograph ; Lymph node ; RAF ; Regeneration ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Vascular reconstruction during rat lymph node regeneration was investigated in autotransplanted mesenteric lymph node fragments, which had been implanted in the renal parenchyma. In addition to light microscopy, vascular casting and transmission electron microscopy were used. From day 3 onwards capillaries grew into the autografts together with lymphatic vessels. The capillaries showed obvious signs of proliferation by day 5. The surviving interstitial cell at the outer border of the transplant produced extracellular substance. High endothelial venules (HEV) differentiated from capillaries from about day 7. A first sign of their development was a vessel with a narrow, branching luminal space and with endothelial cells containing rich cytoplasm and small Golgi complexes. As the Golgi complexes grew and the cisternae and vesicles increased, the lumen dilated, the cell coat on the luminal surface became prominent, and, finally, lymphocytes emigrated through these venules from around day 10. The typical lymph node structure was complete by day 28. These results suggest that the interaction among the remaining interstitial cells, invading capilaries, and lymphatic penetration results in differentiation and maturation of HEV in lymph node regeneration. The development of Golgi complexes is strongly associated with lymphocyte emigration from the blood. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Regeneration ; Vasculature ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to reveal the neovascularization at early stages of splenic autografts three-dimensionally, to illustrate the differences between it and tumor angiogenesis, and to establish its origin. Early vascular formation after transplantation of the rat spleen or Waker tumor into the major omentum was examined by using a video macroscope, vascular casting methods and the organ culture technique. A complex vascular network layer (vascular cortex) was first formed beneath the capsule of an autograft; later, vascular buds grew from this network toward the necrotic center. They anastomosed and changed into a form resembling with-ered twigs (vascular medulla). Tumor angiogenesis did not present such morphological features and was characterized by capillary loop formation with a columnar vertex resembling an “inverted V”. This fundamental structure did not change throughout angiogenesis except for dilation and irregularity of vascular diameter. The organ culture technique demonstrated that the preliminary vasculature was formed in splenic autografts by regeneration of preexisting vessels in the graft and not by invading capillaries. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the cells present had characteristics of sinus endothelial cells. These results suggest that preexisting sinus endothelial cells rearrange themselves after devascularization and reconstruct a new vasculature that an-astomoses with the penetrating capillaries. This mechanism establishes vascular circulation at an early stage, and accelerates regeneration of the splenic autograft before complete necrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 5 (1992), S. 388-393 
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: microvasculature ; capillary plexus ; grafts ; intestinal ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To examine the microvascular changes of villi after transplantation, the small intestine was transplanted in 36 Wistar/Shi rats (16 syngeneic, 20 allogeneic; donor Lewis). At days 1, 4, 8, and 10, four rats of the syngeneic group and five of the allogeneic group were killed. Corrosion casts of the vessels of the graft were prepared and examined by scanning electron microscopy. In the grafts of each group at 1 day, the villous microvascular casts were reduced in height, and the capillary plexus was much less dense, with signs of degeneration. By 4 days, however, the villi of syngeneic grafts had been restored to normal, both in their dimensions and in the richness of the capillary plexus. On the other hand, the microvascular casts of allografts at the same stage showed the villi still to be greatly reduced in height, although the density of the capillary net had been restored essentially to normal. At 8 and 10 days, the allogeneic grafts again showed short villi, but with greatly reduced capillary networks, Our results suggest that the regeneration of intestinal villi following ischemic damage at operation is rapid in syngeneic grafts and that in allogeneic grafts the processes of rejection had started by 4 days. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: non-rotations ; adult ; anatomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two adult cases of non-rotation were anatomically analysed. The small intestine occupied the right flank and the colon the left. The ileum crossed the midline to enter the cecum from the right. The appendix vermiformis rested on the front of the cecum and extended upwards. The cecum was located in the lesser pelvis. They had no Ladd's bands, but in the first case fibrous bands from the posterior abdominal wall caused kinking. The colon of the first case had an intricate twist under the left kidney. The second case was also complicated with three loops, the third loop posed between the first and the second, accompanied by a rare vascular anomaly, a double inferior mesenteric artery. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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