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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of biomass production, cytology and phenotypes of plants regenerated from embryogenic callus cultures of Pennisetum americanum x P. purpureum (hybrid triploid napiergrass) (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1986), S. 4-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Biomass ; Gramineae ; Genetic variability ; Hybrid triploid napiergrass ; Pennisetum ; Plant tissue culture ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five hundred and twenty-four plants of a triploid, sexually sterile hybrid napiergrass (Pennisetum americanum x P. purpureum; 3x=21) were regenerated from embryogenic callus cultures obtained from segments of young inflorescences. Replicated field trials were conducted for two consecutive years to compare the biomass yield, phenotype and cytology of tissue culture regenerants (TC) and vegetatively propagated (V) plants. In the first year total biomass yield of TC plants was significantly greater than V plants but there was no significant difference in the second year. TC plants had more tillers compared to V plants. V plants did not show any morphological variability. The TC population also exhibited a high degree of phenotypic stability (96%). There were 23 phenotypic variants in the TC population of 524, most of them being more dwarf and late-flowering. Detailed morphological analysis of the TC-variant plants suggests that they very likely arose from only a few variant cell lines. Cytological analysis indicated stability of the triploid status in randomly selected regenerants. Two of the morphological variants were hexaploids (6x=42). It is concluded that embryogenic callus cultures can provide useful alternative for the rapid propagation of hybrid napier-grass which is commonly propagated by cuttings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273710
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation and path-coefficient analyses of seed-yield components in pearl millet x elephantgrass hybrids (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 112-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Interspecific hybridization Pennisetum glaucum ; Pennisetum purpureum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Correlation and path-coefficient analyses have been successful tools in developing selection criteria. Since increased seed yield is an important goal in our pearl millet x elephantgrass [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. x P. purpureum Schum.] hexaploid breeding program, we used correlation and path-coefficient analyses on seed data. This study was conducted to develop appropriate selection criteria by determining the direct and indirect effects of seed-yield components on seed yield plant-1. Number of tillers plant-1, panicles tiller-1, seeds panicle-1, 100-seed weight, and seed yield plant-1, were estimated for individual plants in seven families. Phenotypic (rp) and genetic correlations (rg) were calculated, and path analyses (phenotypic and genetic) were carried out according to predetermined causal relationships. Phenotypic and genetic correlations differed in several cases due to large environmental variance and covariance. Phenotypically, all components were positively and significantly associated with seed yield plant-1. Genotypically, only seeds panicle-1 and 100-seed weight were significantly correlated. These two components were also positively correlated (r p=0.55, r g=0.63), so simultaneous improvement for both components would be feasible. Panicles tiller-1 and seeds panicle-1 were negatively correlated (r g=-0.97). In the path analyses, all direct effects of the components on seed yield plant-1 were positive. Phenotypic indirect effects were not as important as genetic indirect effects. The components seeds panicle-1 and 100-seed weight influenced seed yield plant-1 the greatest, both directly and indirectly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226991
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pangola stunt virus studied in pangolagrass and Digitaria hybrids (1972)
    Springer
    Euphytica 21 (1972), S. 344-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two Digitaria hybrids were compared with pangolagrass, Digitaria decumbens Stent., using both the light and electron microscope. The purpose of the study was to develop a diagnostic method of screening breeding lines for resistance or tolerance to pangola stunt virus (PSV). Pangolagrass from Surinam and Guyana, naturally infected with PSV, was found to have occassional bundle sheath cells with very thick cell walls. One of the two hybrids, which appeared to be highly susceptible to PSV, also showed similar thick cell walls. It had spherical particles 70 nm in diameter, resembling PSV, maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) and rice dwarf virus (RDV). Sieve element cells of the phloem were the primary site of particles and the probable site of virus replication. The second hybrid, an apparently resistant line, was found to be completely free of thick-walled bundle sheath cells, and no viruslike particles were found in the bundle sheath or phloem cells. The presence of thick-walled bundle sheath cells appears to offer an excellent diagnostic test for PSV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036775
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of seed producing pearl millet x elephantgrass hexaploid hybrids (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 67 (1993), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: elephantgrass ; interspecific hybrid ; hexaploid ; pearl millet ; Pennisetum purpureum ; Pennisetum glaucum ; seed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Successful widespread use of a forage or biomass plant depends largely on its ease of establishment. Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is used for both forage and biomass production, due to its high dry matter production, aggressiveness, perenniality, and forage quality. However, lack of high quality seed has limited the use of elephantgrass and its hybrids to pearl millet (P. glaucum L. R.Br.). Development of a seed-propagated pearl millet x elephantgrass hexaploid cultivar, which would combine desirable characteristics from both of these species, would be highly desirable. The objectives of this study were to characterize morphological and seed-related traits from the selfed progeny of seven hexaploid hybrids, and to determine whether seed size had any influence on these traits. Traits studied included number of tillers, height, leaf length and width, panicles per plant, days to flowering, panicle length, seed set, seed production, and weight of 100 seeds. Genetic differences were found among the progeny of the seven hybrids. Differences were also found between plants derived from large- and small-seed lots within families. Plants descended from larger seed had better growth and seed-related characteristics, which resulted in more desirable plants. These hexaploid hybrids showed potential for direct seeding into the field for biomass or forage production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022737
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of shading on associative N2 fixation (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Azospirillum brasilense ; Inoculation ; Pennisetum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of reduced solar radiation on associative N2-fixation and plant parameters was studied in three field experiments (1978–80). ‘Gahi-3’ pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Monch.) field plots were shaded with saran shade cloth that reduced solar radiation by 50% and 75%. Acetylene reduction activity (ARA) was reduced by shading in one of the three experiments. The two non-responding experiments were conducted on a wall-drained, low-activity site (ARA means ranging 17–68 n moles ethylene core−1 h−1), the responding experiment was conducted on a poorly drained, high-ARA site. Shading affected the plants drastically, reducing fresh weight and dry matter yields up to 46% (50% shade) and 57% (75% shade). Shading also reduced dry matter percentage from 19.6 (no shade) to 15.3 (75% shade) and increased nitrogen content from 0.6% (no shade) to 1.53% (75% shading). However, shading did not affect protein yield. Inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense had no measurable effect on yield or acetylene reduction in the first two experiments. In the third experiment, shading reduced mean ARA of inoculated plots over 100% but had no significant effect on control plots. Inoculation significantly increased ARA in the nonshaded plots but not in shaded plots. Acetylene reduction activity was high, with means ranging between 208 and 465 n moles ethylene evolved core−1 h−1. Soil moisture and millet growth stage also affected acetylene reduction activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232938
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