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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of feeding byOniscus asellus (Isopoda) on nutrient cycling in an incubated hardwood forest soil (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nutrient cycling ; Oniscus asellus ; Hardwood forest soil ; Leaching ; Macrofauna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Oniscus asellus produced changes in the nutrients leached from Oie and Oa horizons of a hardwood forest soil. Soil with isopods lost more K+ (54%) from the Oie horizon and more Ca2+ (25%), Mg2+ (40%), and water-extractable S (23%) from the Oa horizon than soil without isopods. In contrast, soils with isopods lost less Ca2+ (39076) from the Oie horizon and less dissolved C-bonded S (33%) from the Oa horizon than soil without isopods. In addition, the Oia and Oa horizons exhibited different nutrient dynamics. When isopods were present, the Oa horizon leachates accumulated more Na+ K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3 − , water-soluble SO4 2−, and dissolved C-bonded S, and the Oie horizon retained more of these nutrients. The type of leaching solution also had a major effect on nutrients. Leaching with a simulated soil solution resulted in smaller nutrient losses for K+ and Mg2+ in both horizons and for Na+, Ca2+, and NO3 − in the Oa horizon than leaching with distilled water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00709655
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paleoecological investigation of recent lake acidification in the northern Great Lakes states (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 4 (1990), S. 153-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: lake acidification ; mid-western U.S.A. ; diatoms ; geochemistry ; pollen ; land use
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Paleoecological analyses of sediments from nine northern Great Lakes states (NGLS) lakes reveal small pH changes in seven of these lakes since 1860, four of these being declines. The largest diatom-inferred (DI) pH declines of 0.5 pH units were found in Brown L. and Denton L., Wisconsin. Two other lakes with suspected total alkalinity declines (based on an acidification model and on historical water chemistry, respectively), McNearney L., Michigan, and Camp 12 L., Wisconsin, have not acidified recently according to diatom-inference techniques. Many of the observed trends of increasing pH are coincident with logging; floristic composition of diatom assemblages also changed coincident with fisheries manipulations in some lakes, but these floristic trends did not affect DI pH. Sediment core profiles of Pb, S, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons provide a record of atmospheric deposition of fossil fuel combustion products beginning around the turn of the century; onset is later and accumulation rates are smaller than for other northeastern study regions of the Paleoecological Investigation of Recent Lake Acidification (PIRLA) Project. The response of diatom species to lakewater pH in the NGLS region is very strong and similar to response in other regions. Overall, there is little paleoecological evidence that acidic deposition has caused significant acidification of lakes in the NGLS region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226322
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paleolimnological evidence for recent acidification of Big Moose Lake, Adirondack Mountains, N.Y. (USA) (1987)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 3 (1987), S. 267-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: Adirondacks ; lake acidification ; acid precipitation ; paleolimnology ; diatoms ; chrysophytes ; chironomids ; geochemistry ; sulfur ; PAH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Big Moose L. has become significantly more acidic since the 1950s, based on paleolimnological analyses of sediment cores. Reconstruction of past lakewater pH using diatom assemblage data indicates that from prior to 1800 to ca. 1950, lakewater pH was about 5.8. After the mid-1950s, the inferred pH decreased steadily and relatively quickly to about 4.6. Alkalinity reconstructions indicate a decrease of about 30 μeq · l-1 during the same period. There was a major shift in diatom assemblage composition, including a nearly total loss of euplanktonic taxa. Chrysophyte scale assemblages and chironomid (midge larvae remains also changed in a pattern indicating decreasing lakewater pH starting in the 1950s. Accumulation rates of total Ca, exchangeable and oxide Al, and other metals suggest recent lake-watershed acidification. Cores were dated using210Pb, pollen, and charcoal. Indicators of watershed change (deposition rates of Ti, Si, Al) do not suggest any major erosional events resulting from fires or logging. Accumulation rates of materials associated with combustion of fossil fuels (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, coal and oil soot particles, some trace metals, and sulfur) are low until the late 1800s-early 1900s and increase relatively rapidly until the 1920s–1930s. Peak rates occurred between the late 1940s and about 1970, when rates declined. The recent decrease in pH of Big Moose L. cannot be accounted for by natural acidification or processes associated with watershed disturbance. The magnitude, rate and timing of the recent pH and alkalinity decreases, and their relationship to indicators of coal and oil combustion, indicate that the most reasonable explanation for the recent acidification is increased atmospheric deposition of strong acids derived from combustion of fossil fuels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185196
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simulation model of sulfur transformations in forested Spodosols (1986)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 2 (1986), S. 313-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: soil organic sulfur ; mineralization ; reaction rates ; kinetics ; immobilization ; soil adsorption ; sulfate ; first-order ; michaelis-menten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Transformations of organic and inorganic S in two forested Spodosols from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire and the Huntington Forest in the Adirondack Mts. of New York were investigated using laboratory35SO4 2- incorporation experiments. Sulfur transformations were modeled as a set of three reversible, first-order reactions in which soluble SO 4 2- is converted to adsorbed SO 4 2- , ester sulfate and carbon-bonded S. Reaction rate contants for35SO 4 2- adsorption/desorption and immobilization reactions involving ester sulfate and carbon-bonded S were determined using a fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration routine combined with least squares fitting. Model simulations were able to account for over 93% of the variation in the distribution of35S in S fractions. A hypothetical application of immobilization rate constants to field situations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest suggests that large quantities of S cycle through organic forms in Northern Hardwood Forest Ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02180323
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of sulfur concentrations within lake sediment profiles (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 157 (1988), S. 219-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: diagenesis ; dissimilatory sulfate reduction ; enrichment factor ; sediment profile ; S enrichment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sediment cores from lakes in four regions (Adirondacks, Northern New England, Northern Great Lakes States, and Northern Florida) were analyzed for total S concentration. In all regions S concentrations in pre-1900 (1820–1900) sediment were similar and pre-1900 net sediment accumulation rates of S were not significantly different. Sulfur enrichment was greatest in Adirondack lake sediment (Big Moose L., Upper Wallface P., Queer L., and Deep L.), which had total post-1900 S accumulation of 1.1 to 7.4 times pre-1900 S accumulation; post-1900 net sediment accumulation rates of S were significantly greater than the other regions. Sediment from Maine (Little Long P. and Haystack P.) and Vermont (Mud P.) generally had lower S concentration than Adirondack sediments. Sulfur enrichment factors in these lakes ranged from 1.2 to 2.1. There was a positive correlation between contemporary limnetic sulfate concentration and post-1900 net sediment accumulation rates for Adirondack and Northern New England study lakes. Sediment from the Northern Great Lakes States region (McNearney, Andrus, Hustler L. and Dunnigan L.) had similar S concentration and distribution with depth to Northern New England sediment. In two Northern Florida lakes (Mirrow and Fore) sediment showed little variation in S concentration with depth, but L. Mary and L. Barco had higher S in deeper layers (30–55 cm). These different patterns of S distribution among lakes were attributed to differences in limnetic sulfate concentration, organic and inorganic sedimentation, and S diagenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004199
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