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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved and accurate method for determining the dehydrogenase activity of soils with iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Dehydrogenase activity ; Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) ; Microbial biomass ; Microbial activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Conditions for a rapid, precise [100 μg iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT)-formazan ml-1 assay mixture], and easily reproducible assay of potential soil dehydrogenase activity are described, using 2(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride (iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, INT) as the substrate. Reduced iodonitrotetrazolium formazan (INTF) was measured by spectrophotometry (464 nm) after extraction with N,N-dimethylformamide and ethanol. With this method, the coloured complex formed is highly stable. The effects of pH, buffer concentration, temperature, substrate concentration, amount of soil weight, and reaction time on dehydrogenase activity were investigated. The rate of substrate hydrolysis was proportional to soil weight; the optimal INT reduction was achieved with 1 M TRIS buffer (pH 7.0) at 40 °C. It was possible to determine the biotic and abiotic substrate reduction by comparing assays of autoclaved and unsterile soil samples. Different investigations have confirmed that the intracellular enzyme is highly correlated with the microbial biomass, and indicate that this activity is suitable as an indirect parameter of microbial biomass, measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335770
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of lime and nutrient salts on the microbiological activities of forest soils (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Forest soil ; Fertilization ; Enzymes ; Lime ; Amelioration ; Microbial biomass ; Protease activity ; Phosphatase activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In pot experiments, lime and mineral salts were applied to forest soils taken from three different sites. Microbial biomass, basal respiration, N turnover, and the activities of protease, phosphatase, and CM-cellulase were determined monthly. The fertilized soils showed a great increase in biomass, respiration and N turnover, and some increase in protease activity, whereas phosphatase activity decreased in comparison with the untreated soils. Estimates of the number of colony-forming units of different classes of microorganisms showed an increase in treated soils in most cases. The untreated soils had the lowest biological activity but the maximum application of lime and mineral salts did not automatically lead to maximum activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335845
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buffer-stimulated citrate efflux in Penicillium simplicissimum: an alternative charge balancing ion flow in case of reduced proton backflow? (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 161 (1994), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words:Penicillium simplicissimum– Citric acid efflux – Extracellular buffer – Membrane potential – Plasma membrane H+-ATPase – Leaching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Organic acids excreted by filamentous fungi may be used to win metals from industrial secondary raw materials. For a future commercial use a high production rate of organic acids is necessary. The conditions under which the commercially used fungus Aspergillus niger excretes high amounts of citric acid can not be maintained in metal leaching processes. However, Penicillium simplicissimum showed an enhanced citric acid efflux in the presence of an industrial filter dust containing 50% zinc oxide. Because Good buffers of high molarity were able to mimic the effect of zinc oxide, the high buffering capacity of zinc oxide and not an effect of the zinc ions was held responsible for the enhanced citric acid efflux. The presence of ammonium and trace elements reduced this buffer-stimulated citric acid efflux, whereas the plant hormone auxine canceled this reduction. This citric acid efflux was influenced by a depolarization of the membrane: the freely permeable compound tetraphenylphosphoniumbromide decreased the citric acid efflux, without decreasing intracellular citric acid or consumption of glucose and oxygen. Vanadate, an inhibitor of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase also reduced the buffer-stimulated citric acid efflux. The role of the efflux of citrate anions as an alternative charge balancing ion flow in case of impaired backflow of extruded protons because of a high extracellular buffering capacity is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248896
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A practicable and accurate method to differentiate between intra- and extracellular water of microbial cells (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 178 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A thermographimetric method which allows for a quick and accurate estimation of intra- and extracellular water of microbial cells is reviewed and improved. Knowledge of these fractions is important for physiological as well as for toxicological investigations. Results of the study indicate that besides the species, nutrient availability and growth conditions affect the intracellular water content. Intra- and extracellular water, dry matter, volume and density of a single cell of Arthrobacter sp. are calculated. There are indications that intracellular compartments of eukaryotes could also be investigated with this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13769.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of aluminum on motility and swarming of Pseudomonas sp. and Arthrobacter sp. (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 155 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of Al on the motility and the swarming of Pseudomonas sp. and Arthrobacter sp. was investigated. pH calibration curves were determined in semi-solid agar which enabled us to distinguish between the effects of aluminum and protons. Motility of the bacteria was distinctly influenced by Al but this effect could be attributed to the increased acidity accompanying Al addition. The swarming of Pseudomonas sp. is reported for the first time. The swarming ability decreased with both Al and HCl addition to the medium but the obstruction due to aluminum was significantly stronger than the influence of HCl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12695.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of nutrient solution on Al-tolerance of Pseudomonas sp. (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 170 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using a soil bacterium (Pseudomonas sp.), the influence of different levels of aluminium included in nutrient solutions before and after autoclaving and the influence of phosphorus addition on growth of the bacterium were investigated. Both phosphorus addition (350 μM) and Al-application before autoclaving caused a distinct decrease in Al-availability and thus an apparent increase in Al-tolerance, both effects adding up in a linear fashion. The Weibull function was shown to be well suited to describe toxic effects of Al on the microorganism under investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13373.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of cold-adapted microorganisms and their potential role in biotechnology
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Biotechnology 33 (1994), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-1656
    Keywords: Cold adaptation ; Enzyme ; Microorganism ; Psychrophilic ; Psychrotrophic
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1656(94)90093-0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature on oil degradation by a psychrotrophic yeast in liquid culture and in soil (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The influence of temperature (4–30°C) on diesel oil biodegradation in a mineral medium and in soil was tested. The abiotic loss of diesel oil increased with incubation time and with temperature and was lower in mineral medium than in soil. The maximum degradation activity of a psychrotrophic yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica) in liquid culture (containing 5000 mg diesel oil l−1) occurred at 10–20°C. When inoculated into an alpine soil (containing 5000 mg diesel oil kg−1 soil dry weight), degradation activity of the inoculum was only observed at temperatures ≤15°C and was significantly lower than in the liquid culture. The indigenous soil microorganisms degraded diesel oil over the whole temperature range tested. With increasing incubation time and temperature, diesel oil utilization by the inoculum in the soil decreased, whereas degradation activity of the indigenous soil microorganisms and abiotic losses increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00441.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Native fungal pellets as a biosorbent for heavy metals (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 11 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Fungal pellets (diameters ranging from 0.5 to 2 mm) were precultured in sugar-containing industrial sewage. They were packed into chromatography columns and then tested for biosorption of silver, copper and lead, using the downflow method. The physical parameters taken (differential pressure at the column, flow rate, bed height) showed rather good mechanical properties of the pellets. Charging the column with heavy metal solution (1 mM Ag+, Cu2+ or Pb2+ as nitrates in distilled water) resulted in very good biosorptive properties. Eluted solution contained less than or an equal amount of 1 gM heavy metal, demonstrating a removal of more than 99.9% of added metal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00280.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A feasibility study for the in situ remediation of a former tank farm (1999)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 15 (1999), S. 615-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Biostimulation ; in situ remediation ; intrinsic bioremediation ; natural attenuation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A feasibility study of the in situ remediation of a former tank farm (on a petrol station) was made over a period of 150 days at 10 °C. The natural attenuation (which is a sum of the abiotic losses and the natural biodegradation by the indigenous soil microorganisms) and the effect of biostimulation by inorganic nutrient supply were investigated. The contamination was not homogeneously distributed in the seven soil samples investigated. Nutrient addition had no statistically significant effect on hydrocarbon decontamination. A remarkable part of the decontamination had to be attributed to natural attenuation. Soil microbial counts and CO2 evolution indicated a negative effect of nutrition on the number of microbial hydrocarbon degraders and on soil microbial activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008994422216
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