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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 39-49 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Severe carbromal poisoning ; clinical course ; DIC-heparinization ; haemodialysis ; Schwere Carbromal-Intoxikation ; Klink ; DIC-Heparinisierung ; Hämodialyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 27 Fällen schwerer Carbromal-Intoxikation werden die klinischen Befunde, die wichtigsten Komplikationen und Verlaufsvarianten analysiert. Daraus ergeben sich differentialtherapeutische Richtlinien: Allgemeine Intensivtherapie, Detoxikation unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Hämodialyse, Heparinisierung im Falle einer DIC.
    Notes: Summary This report deals with 27 cases of severe carbromal poisoning. The analysis of the clinical course, its prevalent varieties and complications forms the basis of detailed therapeutic guide-lines: general supportive care, measures of detoxication including haemodialysis, and heparinization in case of DIC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 51 (1982), S. 101-106 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Hallucinations ; Blood and urine level ; Metabolism ; Plasma protein binding ; Hemoperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After ingestion of 6–10 g camphor, 2 men were admitted to the clinic in a state of acute intoxication. The clinical symptomatology was characterized by psychomotoric agitation and hallucinations. Both patients, who used to take hashish and ephedrine, had taken camphor as a stimulant. The blood and urine concentrations of camphor were determined by gaschromatography/mass spectrometry. Six metabolites of camphor could be detected in urine. The main metabolic pathways are hydroxylation in the 3-,5-, 8-, and 9-position, and a subsequent oxidation to the corresponding ketone and carbonic acid, the latter of which is excreted as a glucuronide. The plasma protein binding was determined by ultrafiltration (61%). In vitro hemoperfusion experiments were carried out with amberlite and activated charcoal. Amberlite proved to be more effective than activated charcoal. Repeated analysis of urine samples gave evidence for microbiological reduction of camphor to isoborneole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 337 (1974), S. 819-819 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Pancreatico-duodenectomy ; Food assimilation ; Partielle Duodenopankreatektomie ; Nahrungsverwertungsstörungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Resorptive, digestive und endokrine Störungen wurden bei 11 Patienten nach partieller Duodenopankreatektomie untersucht. Die Rekonstruktion des Gastrointestinaltraktes erfolgte immer mit der proximalen Jejunumsehlinge. 1. Bei allen Patienten bestand eine Störung der Fettdigestion; eine leicht eingeschränkte Eiweißdigestion hatten 3 Patienten. 2. Eine Malabsorption kam nur bei einem Patienten zur Beobachtung. 3. Die Insulin- und Gastrinkonzentration im Blut waren infolge Verminderung der BetaZell-und G-Zell-Masse erniedrigt.
    Notes: Summary In 11 patients we investigated digestive, resorptive, and endocrine functions after pancreatico-duodenectomy. In order to improve the nutritional state of the patients after pancreatico-duodenectomy we performed the reconstruction of the upper alimentary tract with particular attention to the proximal jejunum. We observed: 1. unpaired fat digestion in all patients; 2. a slight restriction of protein digestion in 3 patients; 3. diminished gastrin and insulin concentrations in the basal state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 40 (1978), S. 211-229 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Carbromal ; Active metabolites ; Toxicity ; Rats ; Humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beim Menschen wird Carbromal weitgehend metabolisiert. Die Hauptmetabolite sind nach derzeitiger Kenntnis Carbromid, Äthylbutyrylharnstoff und anorganisches Bromid. Nach Aufnahme therapeutischer Dosen (1,0 g Carbromal = 4,2 mMol) erscheinen im Serum gesunder Versuchspersonen maximal 30 μMol/l Carbromal, 20 μMol/l Carbromid und 2–3 μMol/l Äthylbutyrylharnstoff. Im Fall der akuten Vergiftung durch carbromalhaltige Sedativa wurden im Serum der Patienten um 200 μMol/l Carbromal, 350 μMol/l Carbromid und 50 μMol/l Äthylbutyrylharnstoff gemessen. Bei diesen Konzentrationen von Carbromal und seinen beiden Metaboliten zeigten sich ein tiefes Coma, aufgehobene Spontanatmung, Hypothermie und isoelektrische Aufzeichnungen im Elektroencephalogramm. Es bestand eine enge Korrelation zwischen dem Grad zentralnervöser Depression und den Serumkonzentrationen von Carbromal und Carbromid. Die pharmakologische Aktivität und akute Toxizität von Carbromal und seinen beiden Metaboliten wurde an Ratten untersucht und mit der Aktivität von Phenobarbital verglichen. Nach intraperitonealer Injektion betrug die akute LD-50 beim Carbromal 1,8 mMol/kg, beim Carbromid 1,5 mMol/kg, beim Äthylbutyrylharnstoff 5,0 mMol/kg und beim Phenobarbital 0,9 mMol/kg. Carbromal und Carbromid führten zu ausgeprägter Senkung der Körpertemperatur. Die relative narkotische Aktivität betrug für Carbromal = 100; Carbromid = 66; Äthylbutyrylharnstoff = 33; Phenobarbital = 100. Carbromal, Carbromid und Phenobarbital besitzen etwa gleiche antikonvulsive Wirksamkeit gegenüber Pentetrazol-induzierten generalisierten Krampfanfällen. Die antikonvulsive Wirksamkeit von Äthylbutyrylharnstoff ist 2–3mal schwächer als die von Carbromal. Anorganisches Bromid kann die durch Carbromal bzw. Carbromid ausgelösten Narkosen verstärken. Die Untersuchungen belegen, daß die akute Carbromalvergiftung des Menschen hauptsächlich durch unverändertes Carbromal und seinen Metaboliten Carbromid unterhalten wird.
    Notes: Abstract Carbromal is metabolized extensively in humans. The major metabolites known to date are bromoethylbutyramide, ethylbutyrylurea and inorganic bromide. After ingestion of a therapeutic dose of 1.0 g carbromal (4.2 mmoles) by four healthy volunteers highest concentrations in serum were found to be for carbromal 30 μmoles/l, for bromoethylbutyramide up to 20 μmoles/l and for ethylbutyrylurea 2–3 μmoles/l. In patients acutely poisoned by carbromal-containing sedatives serum concentrations measured were in the range of 200 μmoles/l carbromal, 350 μmoles/l bromoethylbutyramide and 50 μmoles/l ethylbutyrylurea. These patients were comatose, apneic, had isoelectric encephalographic records and decreased body temperature. The degree of central nervous depression as judged by clinical signs was found to correlate with the serum concentrations of carbromal and of bromoethylbutyramide. Pharmacological activity and acute toxicity of carbromal and its two metabolites were examined in rats and compared with the activity of phenobarbitone. For intraperitoneal injection LD-50 values were found to be for carbromal 1.8 mmoles/kg, for bromoethylbutyramide 1.5 mmoles/kg, for ethylbutyrylurea 5.0 mmoles/kg and for phenobarbitone 0.9 mmoles/kg. Carbromal and bromoethylbutyramide severely decreased body temperature. The relative narcotic activity was estimated to be for carbromal = 100; bromoethylbutyramide = 66; ethylbutyrylurea = 33; phenobarbitone = 100. The anticonvulsive activity against pentetrazol-induced generalized seizures was nearly identical for carbromal, bromoethylbutyramide and phenobarbitone. Anticonvulsant activity of ethylbutyrylurea was two to three times less than that of carbromal. Inorganic bromide was found to increase the narcotic activity of carbromal and of bromoethylbutyramide. The findings show that the clinical signs of central nervous system depression seen in patients acutely poisoned with carbromal are caused mainly by unchanged carbromal and by its metabolite bromoethylbutyramide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 49 (1981), S. 73-78 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Acute intoxication ; Metabolism of monoterpenes ; Gaschromatography/mass spectrometry ; Hemoperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A patient attempting suicide ingested 400–500 ml pine oil and was admitted to the clinic. Since more than the lethal dose had been ingested hemoperfusions with activated charcoal and amberlite and a hemodialysis were performed. The composition of the ingested pine oil was determined by gaschromatography/mass spectrometry. Four monoterpenes were identified: 57% α-pinene, 8% β-pinene, 26% carene, 6% limonene and 3% other hydrocarbons. The blood and urine monoterpene concentrations were continuously monitored. The data suggest that monoterpenes are poorly resorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The resorbed portion of the hydrocarbons cumulates in the lipophilic body compartments and is slowly metabolized and then excreted by the kidneys. The main metabolic pathways are hydratation, hydroxylation, rearrangement, and acetylation. Five metabolites were identified.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach suizidaler Einnahme von 400–500 ml Terpentinöl wurde ein 49jähriger Mann in der Klinik aufgenommen. Da ein mehrfaches der Letaldosis eingenommen worden war, wurden Hämoperfusionen mit Aktivkohle und Amberlite sowie eine Hämodialyse durchgeführt. Die Zusammensetzung des eingenommenen Terpentinöls wurde durch Gaschromatographie/Massenspektrometrie bestimmt. Vier Monoterpene wurden identifiziert: 57% α-Pinen, 8% β-Pinen, 26% Caren, 6% Limonen sowie 3% höhere Kohlenwasserstoffe. Die Blut- und Urin-Monoterpenspiegel wurden fortlaufend bestimmt. Monoterpene werden offensichtlich schlecht im Gastrointestinaltrakt resorbiert. Der resorbierte Anteil reichert sich in den lipophilen Gewebekompartimenten an und wird langsam metabolisiert und über die Nieren ausgeschieden. Die Hauptabbauwege sind Hydratation, Hydroxylierung, Umlagerungen und Acetylierung. Fünf Metaboliten konnten nachgewiesen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 14 (1988), S. 431-433 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Camphor poisoning ; Hemoperfusion ; Plasma kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After ingestion of an unknown dose of a 10% camphor spirit (maximum dose 200 ml), a 54-year-old female was found in coma, having developed grand-mal-like seizures and respiratory failure. For detoxification, gastric lavage and hemoperfusion with amberlite XAD4 were performed. During hemoperfusion, seizures ceased, but no marked influence on the clinical course of the intoxication — especially on grade of coma — was observed. For further evaluation of the efficacy of treatment, camphor plasma elimination kinetics during hemoperfusion were compared to plasma elimination kinetics determined in a volunteer after an oral dose of 200 mg of camphor. Although the plasma compartment was almost completely (89%–95%) cleared of camphor by hemoperfusion, only a total of 35 mg of camphor was removed due to its high apparent volume of distribution (estimated 2–41/kg). The plasma elimination half-life was not affected by hemoperfusion, which may be explained by the saturation of metabolizing enzymes, still incomplete absorption, or metabolic interference of isopropanol. In the case presented here, neither the clinical course of the intoxication nor plasma level data gave evidence for a pronounced beneficial effect of hemoperfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 13 (1987), S. 358-360 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Chlorprothixene-overdose ; Hemoperfusion ; Plasma concentrations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two to twelve hours after suicidal ingestion of an estimated dose of 10 g chlorprothixene, a 31-year-old female was admitted to the emergency ward of the clinic with cardiorespiratory arrest. After successful resuscitation, the further clinical course was complicated by persistent ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular fibrillation which necessitated repeated defibrillation. Since the patient did not respond satisfactorily to supportive treatment, a combined hemoperfusion/hemodialysis was performed. Under extracorporeal detoxication, elimination of chlorprothixene from plasma was accompanied by substantial improvement of the patient's estimated dose had been removed. This case seems to indicate that evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of hemoperfusion should not be based exclusively on the relation of the amount of the eliminated drug to total absorbed dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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