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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 13 patients, 16 to 57 years old, who underwent cardiac catheterization for diagnostic reasons the influence of Persantin was investigated on the oxygen saturation in the coronary sinus and the myocardial arterio-venous oxygen differences. After intubation of the coronary sinus control samples were taken simultaneously with blood from the arteria brachialis. Then 0,2–0,4 mg/kg Persantin were given intravenously within two minutes, and the changes of myocardial AVD-O2 and the oxygen saturation in the coronary sinus were measured 2, 5, 12, 20 and 30 min after the injection, but not in all patients at these times. In 10 of these patients it was possible to determine the myocardial extraction of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and free fatty acids before and 6 minutes after the injection of Persantin. The results of this investigation are: 1. The oxygen saturation in the coronary sinus rose from 27 to 62% after 12 min and was after 30min still 51%. 2. The myocardial AVD-O2 decreased from 12,3 to 6,6 Vol.-% after 12 min and increased then to 8,4 Vol.-% after 30 min. 3. Heart rate increased from 73 to 94/min and arterial mean pressure fell from 88,5 to 81 mm Hg. After 30 min heart rate was 80/min and arterial mean pressure 84 mm Hg. 4. From the decrease of the myocardial AVD-O2 an improved myocardial oxygen supply was calculated in spite of the increase in cardiac work. This improvement of myocardial oxygen supply was equal to an average increase in coronary flow of 220% after 12 min and of 145% after 30 min. The individual maximum values ranged from 145 to 400%. 5. After the injection of Persantin a slight decrease was observed of the arterial levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and free fatty acids. In accordance to the increased coronary flow the arterio-venous differences of the four substrates become smaller too. 6. As a specific metabolic effect of Persantin the myocardial uptake of free fatty acids is increased and the uptake of glucose is slightly decreased as can be seen from the oxygen extraction ratios. 7. The effect of Persantin on coronary flow seems to be diminished with decreasing arterial pCO2.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 13 Patienten im Alter von 16–57 Jahren wurde im Verlauf einer aus diagnostischen Gründen notwendigen Herzkatheteruntersuchung der Einfluß von Persantin auf die coronarvenöse Sauerstoffsättigung und die coronare arteriovenöse O2-Differenz (AVD-O2) untersucht. Nach Sondierung des Coronarsinus wurden 0,4–0,8 mg Persantin/kg intravenös während 2 min injiziert. Die coronare AVD-O2 und die coronarvenöse O2-Sättigung wurden vor Persantingabe und 2, 5, 12, 20 und 30 min nach der Injektion, jedoch meist nicht bei allen Patienten zu jedem Zeitpunkt bestimmt. Bei 10 dieser Patienten wurde zusätzlich vor und 6 min nach Persantingabe die myokardiale Extraktion der Substrate Glucose, Lactat, Pyruvat und freie Fettsäuren untersucht. Folgende Befunde konnten dabei erhoben werden: 1. Die coronarvenöse O2-Sättigung stieg von 27% nach 12 min auf 62% und sank bis zur 30. min auf 51%. 2. Die myokardiale AVD-O2 verringerte sich von 12,3 Vol.-% auf maximal 6,06 Vol.-%, ebenfalls 12 min nach Persantingabe; sie war nach 30 min noch auf 8,6 Vol.-% verkleinert. 3. Die Herzfrequenz stieg von 73 auf 94/min, der arterielle Mitteldruck sank von 88,5 auf 81 mm Hg. Nach 30 min betrug die Herzfrequenz 80/min, der arterielle Mitteldruck 84 mm Hg. 4. Aus dem Absinken der AVD-O2 läßt sich eine verbesserte myokardiale Sauerstoffversorgung berechnen. Sie entspricht einer mittleren Durchblutungszunahme von ca. 220% nach 12 min, die nach 30 min immer noch 145% beträgt. Die Maximal- und Minimal-werte ergaben für die Einzelfälle 400 und 145%. 5. Unter dem Einfluß von Persantin sinken die arteriellen Spiegel von Glucose, Lactat, Pyruvat und freien Fettsäuren geringfügig ab. Als Ausdruck der myokardialen Mehrdurchblutung verringern sich auch die myokardialen arteriovenösen Differenzen dieser Substrate. 6. Als spezifischer Stoffwechseleffekt des Persantin wird die Aufnahme der freien Fettsäuren durch das Herz gesteigert, die Aufnahme der Glucose jedoch verringert, wie aus der Berechnung der Sauerstoffextraktionsäquivalente hervorgeht. 7. Mit sinkendem arteriellen Kohlensäuredruck scheint die Persantinwirkung abzunehmen. Persantin bewirkt neben einer geringen Zunahme der Herzarbeit eine isolierte Steigerung der Coronardurchblutung und führt zur vermehrten Fettsäureextraktion durch das Herz. Um die Coronarreserve auszuschöpfen, ist beim Menschen eine Dosierung von 0,5–0,6 mg Persantin/kg erforderlich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 353-357 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Signal transduction ; C5a priming ; Superoxide production ; Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate ; Uremia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effect of C5a pretreatment on phosphatidyl-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis and on the increase in peak and resting cytosolic calcium levels induced by C5a (0.1 and 10 nM) and/or N-formyl hexapeptide (FLPEP; 10 nM) in neutrophils isolated from patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) and those from healthy controls. We also investigated superoxide anion production under the same conditions using the fluorescent para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid assay. The hydrolysis of PIP2 induced by C5a or FLPEP alone was similar in neutrophils from patients with ESRF and in control cells. Likewise, pretreatment of patients' neutrophils with C5a prior to FLPEP did not affect hydrolysis or the increase in cytosolic calcium concentration as shown previously for control neutrophils. Resting calcium levels in both ESRF and control neutrophils, however, were significantly increased after priming with low C5a concentrations. After priming with low C5a, prior to FLPEP, there was also a significant increase in superoxide production. This increase was significantly lower in cells from uremic patients than in those from healthy controls. Our data suggest that priming-induced superoxide production in neutrophils is reduced in patients with ESRF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 635-639 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Vancomycin ; Haemodialysis ; highflux membranes ; pharmacokinetics ; renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vancomycin is usually given only once a week to haemodialysis (HD) patients. If highly permeable dialysis membranes are used, however, high clearance values have been reported, so the aim of the study was to determine whether high clearance of vancomycin resulted in sufficient drug elimination to induce subtherapeutic plasma levels after one week. In 18 chronic HD patients, treated with polysulfone dialyzers (1.2 m2), the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin were studied after administration of 1 g. Concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarisation immunoassay. At a blood flow of 219 ml·min−1, HD clearance of vancomycin was 62.3 ml·min−1. Immediately after dialysis plasma concentrations were 38% lower than predialysis levels. However, marked rebound in the vancomycin level was observed 5 h later, resulting in plasma levels only 16% lower than prior to dialysis. 3 HD treatments in 1 week removed about one third of the initial dose. After one week 15 of 18 patients still had a therapeutic plasma level (〉5 μg·ml−1). In conclusion, polysulfone membranes show high clearance of vancomycin. However, transfer of drug from blood to dialysate appears to be faster than from tissues to blood. Because of a marked rebound in plasma level after treatment, therapeutic drug concentrations will still be present in most patients after one week.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hepatitis C ; Immunosuppressive therapy ; Transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a retrospective long-term follow-up study the clinical course of liver disease was examined in renal allograft recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and negative hepatitis B surface antigen under immunosuppressive therapy. We compared 42 anti-HCV antibody (anti-HCV) positive patients (study group) to 213 anti-HCV negative patients (control group). All patients received immunosuppressive therapy. Measurements were made of the following: aminotransferases, bilirubin, albumin, gammaglobulins, ascites, spleen diameter, HCV RNA, and anti-HCV antibody. We found all but four anti-HCV positive patients to be HCV RNA positive prior to transplantation. There were no differences in overall mortality or mortality secondary to liver disease or sepsis. Normal liver enzymes were found in 13 (31%) anti-HCV positive and in 137 (64%) anti-HCV negative patients during the whole mean observation period of 65 months (range 10–215). Aminotransferase activity decreased in anti-HCV positive and negative patients during the observation period. Liver function with regard to synthesis and excretion was normal in anti-HCV negative and anti-HCV positive patients. No signs of portal hypertension were observed in the anti-HCV positive group. Neither the different immunosuppressive regimens nor the antirejection therapy led to differences between anti-HCV positive and negative groups with respect to liver function and did not alter the clinical course. We conclude that HCV infection in patients under immunosuppressive therapy causes only a mild liver disease, as determined by clinicochemical and clinical parameters, and that mortality rate is not increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Hepatitis C ; Immunosuppressive therapy ; Transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In a retrospective long-term follow-up study the clinical course of liver disease was examined in renal allograft recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and negative hepatitis B surface antigen under immunosuppressive therapy. We compared 42 anti-HCV antibody (anti-HCV) positive patients (study group) to 213 anti-HCV negative patients (control group). All patients received immunosuppressive therapy. Measurements were made of the following: aminotransferases, bilirubin, albumin, gammaglobulins, ascites, spleen diameter, HCV RNA, and anti-HCV antibody. We found all but four anti-HCV positive patients to be HCV RNA positive prior to transplantation. There were no differences in overall mortality or mortality secondary to liver disease or sepsis. Normal liver enzymes were found in 13 (31%) anti-HCV positive and in 137 (64%) anti-HCV negative patients during the whole mean observation period of 65 months (range 10–215). Aminotransferase activity decreased in anti-HCV positive and negative patients during the observation period. Liver function with regard to synthesis and excretion was normal in anti-HCV negative and anti-HCV positive patients. No signs of portal hypertension were observed in the anti-HCV positive group. Neither the different immunosuppressive regimens nor the antirejection therapy led to differences between anti-HCV positive and negative groups with respect to liver function and did not alter the clinical course. We conclude that HCV infection in patients under immunosuppressive therapy causes only a mild liver disease, as determined by clinicochemical and clinical parameters, and that mortality rate is not increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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