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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 45 (1996), S. 1030-1036 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kety-Schmidt-Technik ; 133Xe-Clearancetechnik ; Hirndurchblutung ; CO2-Reaktivität ; Key words Kety-Schmidt technique ; 133Xe-clearance technique ; Cerebral blood flow ; CO2-reactivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In this study cerebral blood flow (CBF) was simultaneously measured with the Kety-Schmidt method and the intravenous 133Xe clearance technique. CBF, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and CO2 reactivity of CBF were compared under fentanyl-midazolam anaesthesia and varying paCO2 levels. Methods. Thirteen male patients were studied before they underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. For measurement of CBF with the Kety-Schmidt inert gas saturation technique, argon was used as indicator instead of nitrous oxide, because argon is less soluble in water and lipid such that arterial and hence organ saturation is attained earlier. Wash-in periods of 10 min were used for all measurements. For measurement of CBF with the intravenous xenon method 10 scintillation detectors placed lateral to the skull and an air detector for calculation of tracer recirculation were used. 10–15 mCi of 133Xe dissolved in physiological saline was injected via a peripheral i.v. cannula. For comparison with the Kety-Schmidt technique CBF15-values representing the flow of the grey and white matter were chosen. CBF was measured simultaneously with both methods under normocapnic (paCO2 43±3 mmHg), hypocapnic (paCO2 31±3 mmHg), and under hypercapnic (paCO2 54±4 mmHg) conditions. Results. All CBF15 values obtained with the intravenous xenon method were significantly lower than the corresponding CBF-values measured with the Kety-Schmidt technique: by 36% under normocapnic, 23% under hypocapnic, and 39% under hypercapnic conditions, respectively. Hence, CMRO2 values calculated from CBF values obtained with the xenon method were reduced to about the same degree as those derived from CBF values measured with the Kety-Schmidt technique. There was no significant correlation between the CBF values of either method (y=1.82x−8.58,r=0.76 P=0.357). Non-linear curve-fitting procedures yielded exponential CBF−paCO2 relationships for both methods, although the relative carbon dioxide reactivity was higher with the Kety-Schmidt technique than with the xenon method (y=8.14 e 0.039x vs y=10,75 e0.023 x ). Conclusions. Most probably due to contamination with radioactivity from slowly perfused extracerebral tissues the intravenous 133Xe-clearance technique underestimates CBF, CMRO2, and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity, at least when CBF15 values are used as flow parameters.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde die Hirndurchblutung simultan sowohl mit der intravenösen 133 Xenon-Clearancetechnik als auch mit der Kety-Schmidt-Technik gemessen. Unter Standardanästhesiebedingungen wurden Hirndurchblutung, zerebraler Stoffwechsel und die CO 2 -Reaktivität der Hirndurchblutung miteinander verglichen. Untersucht wurden 13 männliche Patienten, unmittelbar bevor sie sich einer aortokoronaren Bypassoperation unterzogen. Die Hirndurchblutungsmessungen wurden simultan durchgeführt und zwar jeweils unter normokapnischen (paCO 2 43±3 mm Hg), hypokapnischen (paCO 2 31±3 mm Hg) und hyperkapnischen (paCO 2 54±4 mm Hg) Bedingungen. Mit der Xenonmethode wurden unter allen Ventilationsbedingungen signifikant niedrigere Hirndurchblutungswerte gemessen als mit der Kety-Schmidt-Technik. Eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen den Hirndurchblutungswerten beider Methoden wurde nicht gefunden (y=1,82x−8,58, r=0,76, p=0,357). Die CO 2 -Antwortkurven der Hirndurchblutung zeigten für beide Verfahren einen exponentiellen Verlauf. Die CO 2 -Reaktivität war jedoch bei der Kety-Schmidt-Technik deutlichgrößer als bei der Xenonmethode (y=8,14e 0,039x vs. y=10,75 e 0,023x ). Wahrscheinlich aufgrund einer Miterfassung langsam perfundierter extrazerebraler Areale ist die intravenöse Xenonmethode unter Verwendung von CBF 15 als Durchblutungsparameter mit einer deutlichen Unterschätzung von Hirndurchblutung, -stoffwechsel und zerebrovaskulärer CO 2 -Reaktivität behaftet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  We are fabricating sub-collimating X-ray grids that are to be used in an orbiting solar X-ray telescope. The telescope optics consist of twelve rotating pairs of high aspect ratio grids. The pitch for the grids ranges from 34 μm to 317 μm. The grid thickness-to-grid-slit ratio must be approximately 50:1, resulting in grid thicknesses of 1 to 10 millimeters. We are implementing a design in which a 34 μm pitch, free-standing PMMA grid is fabricated with 20 μm wide slits through a 800 μm thickness. After exposure and developing, metal is electrodeposited into the slits in the PMMA grid and the PMMA is left in place to hold the individual metal pieces. For optimum imaging performance, the root-mean-square pitch of the two grids of each pair must match to within 1 part in 10000 and simultaneous exposures of stacked sheets of PMMA have insured that this requirement is met.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the role of tracheal colonization at birth with Ureaplasma urealyticum and other pathogenic bacteria with regard to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), 97 premature infants with very low birth weight (〈1500 g) were followed prospectively over 30 days in a multicentre study. Of those infants, 35 were colonized with Ureaplasma urealyticum (group Ia), 22 with other pathogenic bacteria (group Ib) and 40 infants with sterile tracheal aspirates served as controls (group II). Colonization with Ureaplasma urealyticum or with pathogenic bacteria independently increased the risk of developing BPD as compared to the controls (OR 2.55; 95% CI [1.11, 5.87]). Among Ureaplasma urealyticum and bacterial colonized infants, duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen requirement were significantly longer than among controls (P 〈 0.05); during the interval of 11 to 35 days of life, every additional day of ventilation significantly increased the risk of BPD (OR 1.22; CI [1.12, 1.32]). The rate of oxygen supplementation, which was similar in both groups during the first 2 weeks of life, was significantly higher among the colonized infants at day 21 (0.38 ± 0.18 and 0.39 ± 0.16 vs 0.31 ± 0.13, P 〈 0.05) and at day 28 (0.38 ± 0.21 and 0.34 ± 0.15 vs 0.28 ± 0.12, P 〈 0.05). For infants still ventilated at age of 28 days, Ureaplasma urealyticum and bacterial colonization were associated with a significant higher risk for BPD than for uncolonized controls (OR 5.53; [1.27, 24.02]. Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum and of bacterial colonization and BPD was not weakened after adjustments were made in a multivariate analysis for other significant risk factors. Conclusion Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization is as an important risk factor in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia as bacterial colonization even after treatment with surfactant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 13 (1985), S. 37-44 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Fluorescence microphotolysis ; photobleaching ; flux measurement ; erythrocyte membrane ; anion transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Continuous fluorescence microphotolysis (CFM) was adapted to flux measurements in single cells. The principle of the method is simple: Cells are equilibrated with a fluorescent solute, an individual cell is continuously irradiated by a laser beam focussed down to approximately the diameter of the cell, and fluorescence originating from the irradiated cell is monitored. In this procedure irradiation irreversibly photolyzes chromophores in the cell while fresh chromophores enter the cell by membrane transport (flux). The resulting fluorescence decay can be analyzed for the rate constants of both membrane transport and photolysis. As an experimental test of the new method the band-3 mediated transport of the fluorescent anion N-(7-nitrobenzofuranzan-4-yl)-taurine (NBD-taurine) across the erythrocyte membrane was measured. For various experimental conditions good agreement between values obtained by CFM and by fluorescence microphotolysis (FM) was observed. By measurements on single ghosts it was furthermore found that photolysis of NBD-taurine is first-order with respect to the power of irradiation. On this basis a stepped-intensity procedure was worked out that facilitates data evaluation in flux measurements. Also, by analysing the relations between CFM and FM flux measurements a method was devised by which FM data can be corrected for (inevitable) photolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Stereotactic biopsy ; glioma ; cytogenetics ; in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chromosome analysis of brain tumours can provide important pathobiological data; however, cytogenetic tools are so far not routinely applied for diagnosis. In the present study 25 paraffin embedded stereotactic biopsies from 19 glioma patients were studied using in situ hybridization of chromosome #10 and #15 using biotinylated pericentromeric probes. Numerical changes of chromosome #10 are frequent alterations in glioblastoma. Quantification of chromosome #15 served as a control in order to exclude artificial monosomies or nonspecific changes. The number of chromosomes in at least 200 cells were counted for each specimen. 18 of 25 biopsies could be evaluated quantitatively. The small volume of probes was not a limiting factor for analysis. Quantification of “nonspecific” chromosome #15 revealed single spots in 22–41% of all cells in the 18 biopsies. Chromosome #10 showed single spots in a range between 34 and 44% of counted nuclei in 13/18 biopsies. In 5 out of 18 biopsies 51–60% monosomies were found; in this subgroup were 4 high grade gliomas. These cases were interpreted as monosomy of chromosome #10. The results demonstrate feasibility and quantitative evaluability of cytogenetic analysis in Stereotactic biopsy material using in situ hybridization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 17 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Pond structures as cost-effective source-control drainage techniques can be applied in order to reduce the downstream risk of flooding. In the UK, there are no widely accepted performance data on pond structures, yet there is a need for detailed design and operation guidelines, coupled with data on urban biodiversity enhancement, maintenance, reliability, economics and social acceptance. The purpose of this study was to investigate (a) cost-effectiveness and self-sustainability of stormwater pond systems, and (b) compatibility with the primary needs of water removal and storage to wildlife and amenity enhancement. A case study was used, based upon a combined attenuation wetland and dry pond construction for roof-water runoff.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 16 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper presents a case study which describes water-availability problems and corresponding public-health implications for a rural area in Nigeria. A water-availability assessment was carried out in eight villages which are controlled by the Jalingo Local Government of Taraba State. Questionnaires were used to obtain data from sixty households (approximately 650 participants) concerning issues of water-supply sources, water quantity, water quality and community participation in water-resources projects. It was found that (i) community well water is the major source of water, (ii) 35% of the inhabitants depend on well water during the wet season, and (iii) 69% depend on it during the dry season. About 80% of the households have access to less than 30 litres of water per person per day and, because of low water availability, there is a prevalence of water-related diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 905 (1987), S. 181-194 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Human erythrocyte) ; Calcium ion, intracellular ; Elasticity ; Erythrocyte membrane ; Lateral diffusion ; Membrane skeleton ; Potassium channel ; Surface viscosity
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 6 (1961), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vistas in Astronomy 14 (1972), S. 53-80 
    ISSN: 0083-6656
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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