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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 384 (1996), S. 521-522 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Sea turtle populations are facing an increasing threat from anthropogenic developments along shores. The long-term effects of the elimination of sea turtle nesting beaches have been unpre-dictable because of the lack of informa-tion on the precision of natal homing behaviour and gene flow ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 830-831 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The (3R*,3′R*) configuration of the title compound, C18H16N2S2, (I), has been unambiguously elucidated by X-ray analysis. Molecules of (I) have C2 symmetry to a good approximation and a strongly folded shape. The interplanar angle between the two halves of a molecule is 67.11 (6)°.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 48 (1961), S. 430-430 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 1,3-Oxazine-2-ones ; 1,3-Oxazine-2-thiones ; Acylketenedichlorides ; Acylketeneaminals ; 2-Acyl-1-chloro-enamines ; Electrocyclic reactions ; Acylmigration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The title compounds3 and4 are easily obtainable by reaction of 2-acyl-1-chloro-enamines2 with trimethylsilyl-isocyanate, trimethylsilyl-isothiocyanate or sodium rhodanide, respectively. Primarily formed acylvinyl-iso(thio)cyanatesD, G spontaneously undergo electrocyclization. A one-pot operation leads directly to 4-amino-1,3-oxazine-2-thiones4 starting from acylketenedichlorides1 via2 by successive addition of secondary amine and sodium rhodanide. Reaction of2 with ammonium dithiocarbamate results in an unexpected formation of4. Treatment of4 with mercuric acetate offers a further access to 4-amino-1,3-oxazine-2-ones3. Finally,3 are obtained from2 on the sequence of ammonolysis to acylketeneaminals5 and phosgenation. Characteristic scopes and limitations as well as mechanistic features of these transformations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Acylketenedichlorides ; 2-Acyl-1-chloro-enamines ; 1-Heterosubstituted acylvinylchlorides ; 1,3-Thiazinium salts ; 1,3-Oxazinium salts ; Imidoyl-migration ; Acyl-migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 2-Acyl-1-chloro-enamines2 react with thioureas to 2,6-diamino-1,3-thiazinium salts3, following the usual transformation mode of 1-heterosubstituted acylvinylchloridesA. On the other hand the reaction of2 with thiobenzamide preferably leads to 4-amino-1,3-oxazinium salts7. The last course is discussed in terms of imidoyl-migration in the primary productE formingF, which finally undergoes ring condensation. This assumption corresponds in the best way with all experimental findings, moreover with special model reactions (e.g.2 →13).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 1,3-Thiazine-6-thione ; Pyrimidine-6-thiones ; Pyrimidinium salts ; Nucleophilic substitution ; Elimination reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Reaction of 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-thiazine-6-thione (1) with primary amines leads under ring transformation to 1-organyl-pyrimidine-6-thiones3, which are alkylated to 1-organyl-6-methylthiopyrimidinium salts5. The latter allow a transfer of the 1-organyl group to nucleophilic agents by departure of 2,4-diphenyl-6-methylthio-pyrimidine (8). In special cases an elimination reaction is successful. Preparative advantages and limitations are demonstrated and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 119 (1988), S. 233-246 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Mono- and dibenzo-1,5-cyclooctadiene derivatives ; Dynamic NMR ; Conformational analysis ; Ring interconversion of 8-membered rings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die1H- und13C-NMR-Spektren einer Reihe heteroanaloger Benzo- und Dibenzo-1,5-cyclooctadiene werden berichtet und der bei Temperaturvariation meßbare dynamische Prozeß hinsichtlich Vorzugskonformationen des 8-Ringes bzw. der Art des vorliegenden Ringinversionsprozesses diskutiert. Die Bootkonformation (bei − 120 °C noch ein schnelles Gleichgewicht der entsprechenden Twist-Boot-Konformationen) wird mittels dynamischer NMR-Spektroskopie nachgewiesen und die 8-Ringinversion über einen Bootinversionscyclus realisierend identifiziert. Hierfür meßbare freie Aktivierungsenthalpien, $$\Delta G_c^{| = }$$ , werden bezüglich struktureller Einflüsse, der Probenkonzentration, vorhandener Heteroatome und des Lösungsmittels diskutiert. Einige Effekte auf die chemischen Verschiebungen von mehr allgemeinem Charakter werden berichtet.
    Notes: Abstract The temperature-variable1H and13C NMR spectra of a series heteroanalogous mono- and dibenzo-1,5-cyclooctadiene derivatives have been obtained, and the present dynamic process discussed in terms of the preferred conformations of the eight-membered ring and the occuring ring interconversional process as well. The boat conformation, which is at − 120 °C still the average of the apparent twist boat conformations, has been identified by dynamic NMR spectroscopy, interconverting via a boat inversional mode. The free energies of activation, $$\Delta G_c^{| = }$$ , for the latter process have been determined and discussed according to structural variations, the concentration of the samples, present heteroatoms, and solvent influences, respectively. A few chemical shift aspects of more general interest are mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 119 (1988), S. 463-476 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 1,3-Thiazine-6-thiones ; 1,3-Thiazine-2-thiones ; 1,3-Thiazine derivatives ; 1,3-Thiazinium salts ; 2,2-Dichlorovinyl ketones ; Ring transformation reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The title compounds3 have been prepared by ring transformation reactions of the isomeric 2-sec-amino-1,3-thiazine-6-thiones1 via ring-opening products2 and by special cyclocondensation reactions with thiocarboxamides8, and with iminium salts10, starting from 2,2-dichlorovinyl ketones6 in all cases. The pathways differ specifically in scope and limitations. On the other hand the intermediates2 react with alkylating agents to 2,6-di-sec-amino-1,3-thiazinium salts4, which are also available via alkylation of3 to 2-methylthio-1,3-thiazinium salts11 and aminolysis. Moreover,11 serve as useful precursors for other 1,3-thiazine derivatives by nucleophilic methylthio displacement (examples12).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der vonReichenow (1899) als neue Art beschriebene, sich im Jugendkleid befindliche BuschwürgerLaniarius dubiosus ist nach DNA-Sequenzanalysen des mitochondrialen Cyt-b Genes mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit ein Jungvogel der westlichen Rasse des BraunscheitelwürgersLaniarius lühderi. Auf der Basis eines DNA-Stammbaumes von sieben verschiedenen Buschwürgern ist der 1991 neu beschriebeneLaniarius liberatus am wenigsten eng mitL. dubiosus verwandt.
    Notes: Abstract In 1899Reichenow described an african bushshrike in juvenile plumage as a new species. He named itLaniarius dubiosus. DNA from type material (feathers and skin) was extracted and DNA sequences from the mitochondrial Cyt-b gene were analysed. Comparisons of DNA-sequences from other bushshrikes (including the type-specimen from Luehder's bushshrikeLaniarius lühderi) support the judgement that “dubiosus” does not represent a full species rather than a representative of the western subspecies of the Luehder's bushshrikeLaniarius luehderi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung DNA-Sequenzanalysen mitochondrialer Cytochrom-b-Abschnitte zeigen, daß der vonReichenow 1899 neu beschriebene BuschwürgerLaniarius dubiosus aus Kamerun mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit ein Jungvogel der westlichen Rasse des BraunscheitelwürgersLaniarius lühderi ist. Die Vermutung,L. dubiosus könne ein Jungvogel vonL. liberatus sein, konnte nicht bestätigt werden. Für die Typusbeschreibung vonL. liberatus werden ergänzende Daten zur Stimme (Sonagramme) und zur Gefiederfärbung vorgelegt, die die publizierte Beschreibung ergänzen und z. T. korrigieren.
    Notes: Abstract In 1899Reichenow described a new bushshrike species from East Cameroons which he namedLaniarius dubiosus. This bird was in juvenile plumage (a colour-plate is given). DNA-sequence-analysis of cytochrome b (from feathers and skin of the type specimen ZMB 33 764 from Berlin) shows that this bird is a juvenile of the western race of Luehder's BushshrikeLaniarius lühderi. The first presumed assumption — based on a great plumage similarity — thatL. dubiosus may be a juvenile from the recently new described Bulo Burti BoubouLaniarius liberatus (Smith, Arctander, Fjeldså &Amir 1991) could not be supported.L. dubiosus sequences are distinct fromL. liberatus (seePrinzinger et al. 1997). Additional data for the type description ofLaniarius liberatus are given for the voice (sonagrams) and the coloration of plumage.
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