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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 46 (1997), S. 829-839 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Thrombolytika ; Myokardinfarkt ; Kurzzeitmortalität ; Prähospitale Behandlung ; Key words Thrombolysis ; Acute myocardial infarction ; Mortality ; Prehospital treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The extent of myocardial damage occurring during acute myocardial infarction is time dependent, and there is abundant evidence from most clinical trials that mortality reduction is greatest in patients treated early with thrombolytic agents, although beneficial effects have been shown with treatment initiated up to 12 h after onset of symptoms. All studies on prehospital thrombolysis have conclusively shown the practicability and safety of patient selection and administration of the thrombolytic agent. The accuracy of diagnosis in the prehospital setting was comparable to trials of in-hospital thrombolysis, e.g., in the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Project (MITI) 98% of the patients enrolled had subsequent evidence of acute myocardial infarction. With regard to time savings, all randomized studies showed positive results. The smallest time gain was observed in the MITI trial: prehospital-treated patients received thrombolytic therapy an average of 33 min earlier than those treated in hospital. In the European Myocardial Infarction Project (EMIP) the difference in time between prehospital and hospital treatment was a median of 55 min. However, none of these trials was able to show a significant short-term mortality difference between the two groups. Only a meta analysis of five randomized studies with a combined median time gain of about 60 min showed a significant 17% reduction in short-term mortality for patients who received thrombolytic therapy in the prehospital phase. In the Grampian Region Early Anistreplase Trial (GREAT), a study performed in a more rural area than other studies, the time gain by prehospital initiation of thrombolysis was a median of 130 min. GREAT was the only study to date reporting a significant mortality benefit for prehospital-treated patients after 3 months and 1 year. In conclusion, prehospital thrombolysis is feasible and safe. Patients with acute myocardial infarction can be correctly identified and treated with thrombolytic agents in the prehospital setting with the same rate of complications as expected for in-hospital thrombolysis, provided basic resuscitation equipment including a defibrillator is available. The results of randomized studies comparing the results of prehospital and in-hospital thrombolysis seem to justify the prehospital institution of thrombolytic therapy, especially in rural areas where transport times to the hospital are long and the expected time gain is largest. The choice of the thrombolytic agent seems to be of minor importance and should follow prehospital practicability (bolus injection) and costs. Aspirin should be given to all prehospital patients with suspected myocardial infarction regardless of thrombolytic therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß der myokardialen Schädigung beim Herzinfarkt ist zeitabhängig, so daß der durch Thrombolytika erzielbare Überlebensvorteil bei frühestmöglichem Therapiebeginn am größten ist. Zahlreiche Studien haben zeigen können, daß die prähospitale Lysetherapie einen zeitsparenden, sicheren und praktikablen Ansatz bei der Behandlung des akuten Myokardinfarkts darstellt. So betrug die Rate korrekter prähospitaler Diagnosen im Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Project (MITI) 98% und war damit vergleichbar mit Studien zur intrahospitalen Lysetherapie. Zeitgewinn: Der Zeitgewinn durch prähospitale Lyse lag zwischen 33 min (MITI) und 130 min (Grampian Region Early Anistreplase Trial, GREAT). Die Rate an Komplikationen wurde durch die prähospitale Gabe von Thrombolytika nicht klinisch relevant erhöht. Mortalität: Mehrere randomisierte, vergleichende Studien haben jedoch keinen signifikanten Unterschied in der Kurzzeitmortalität zwischen prähospitaler und hospitaler Lysetherapie zeigen können. Lediglich eine Metaanalyse von fünf randomisierten Studien erbrachte eine signifikante 17% Reduktion in der Kurzzeitmortalität bei einem medianen Zeitgewinn von 60 min durch die prähospitale Initiierung der Thrombolysetherapie. Ferner wurde nur von GREAT ein signifikanter Unterschied in der 1-Jahres-Mortalität zugunsten der prähospital lysierten Patienten publiziert. Dies kann darauf zurückgeführt werden, daß der Zeitgewinn in dieser Studie über 2 h betrug, während in den anderen randomisierten, vergleichenden Untersuchungen der Zeitunterschied zwischen prähospital und hospital initiierter Thrombolyse zwischen nur 33 und 60 min lag. Schlußfolgerung: Folglich erscheint eine prähospitale Lyse nicht erforderlich, wenn kurze Transportwege zum Krankenhaus zurückzulegen sind und die „door-to-needle time” durch organisatorische Vorkehrungen sehr kurz gehalten werden kann. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die prähospitale Applikation thrombolytischer Substanzen in ländlichen Gegenden mit langen Transportzeiten zum Krankenhaus sinnvoll. Die Wahl des Thrombolytikums ist dabei von untergeordneter Bedeutung und sollte sich nach der Praktikabilität (Bolusgabe) und den Kosten richten. Unabhängig von einer thrombolytischen Behandlung sollte in jedem Fall bei Verdacht auf Myokardinfarkt bereits prähospital Azetylsalizylsäure gegeben werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 47 (1998), S. 982-982 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 48 (1999), S. 827-837 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 48 (1999), S. 919-923 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 48 (1999), S. 26-35 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 1054-1064 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 130-139 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 43 (1994), S. 30-35 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Scoresysteme – Notfallmedizin ; Key words: Scoring – Emergency medicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. The primary goals of scoring in emergency medicine are grading of the severity of the patient's condition, measurement of diagnostic and therapeutic efforts, forecasting the outcome, and support in decision making on triage and therapy. Scores can also be used as tools for measuring efficacy and controlling quality. There has been less experience with use of scoring systems to estimate quality of life. The ability to make a prognosis in an individual case is the most critical point; a score may support decisions on therapy in very specific situations only. Scores for use in emergency medicine should be based on physiological parameters, universally applicable and suitable for use throughout the course of diseases. Appropriate score systems are the Glasgow Coma Scale, the Rapid Acute Physiology Score, and the Mainz Emergency Evaluation Score, Trauma Score and Injury Severity Score. Scores suitable for estimation of quality of life following emergencies are the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the Glasgow-Pittsburgh Scale.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Primäre Zielsetzung eines Scoring in der Notfallmedizin sind die Schweregradklassifikation des Notfallpatienten, die Erfassung von Diagnose und Therapieaufwand, die Voraussage des Outcome, eine Hilfestellung bei Triage- und Therapieentscheidungen. Darüber hinaus können Scores zur Effektivitätsmessung im Rahmen einer Qualitätskontrolle herangezogen werden. Mit Scores zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität liegen in der Notfallmedizin kaum Erfahrungen vor. Die Prognostizierung im Einzelfall ist der kritischste Punkt; für Therapieentscheidungen können Scoreergebnisse nur in speziellen Situationen herangezogen werden. Für die Notfallmedizin erscheinen am ehesten aus physiologischen Parametern gebildete, global anwendbare, verlaufsorientierte Scores sinnvoll. Beispiele hierfür sind die Glasgow-Coma-Scale, der Rapid-Acute-Physiology-Score, der Mainz-Emergency-Evaluation-Score sowie als krankheitsspezifische Scores der Trauma-Score und der Injury Severity Score. Als notfallmedizinische Scores zur Erfassung von Lebensqualität können die Glasgow-Outcome-Scale und die Glasgow-Pittsburgh-Scale gelten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 48 (1999), S. 642-653 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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