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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 164 (1958), S. 159-164 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An Stelle der Podbielniak-Analyse für Gasproben, die neben Inertgasen und leichten Kohlenwasserstoffen auch C5- und höhere Kohlenwasserstoffe enthalten, wird ein neues Verfahren vorgeschlagen. Die Inertgase und leichten Kohlenwasserstoffe werden wie üblich gaschromatographisch bestimmt. Zusätzlich trennt man aus einer zweiten Probe gaschromatographisch die leichten Anteile ab, spült durch Umkehr der Trägergasrichtung die Summe der schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe wieder aus der Säule und bestimmt ihre Menge durch Wägung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction of 1,2,6-trihydroxy-n-hexane (IV) with thionylchloride gives 1,2,6-trichloro-n-hexane (II) which is used as model substance for 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry and can be compared with extracted and hydrogenated low molecular weight PVC, respectively.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von 1,2,6-Trihydroxy-n-hexan (IV) mit Thionylchlorid entsteht 1,2,6-Trichlor-n-hexan (II), welches als Modellsubstanz für 1H-NMR-, 13C-NMR-und massenspektrometrische Vergleiche mit durch Extraktion und Hydrierung gewinnbarem niedermolekularem PVC dient.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: With the objective of scanning the molecular structure of PVC, its reaction with alkali in tetrahydrofurane which has been published previously was reexamined in detail. It was found that, stirring of a 1% solution of PVC in THF with KOH/MeOH at room temperature or 60°C for 90 min yields a product which has only two-thirds of the original K-value. If reacted at room temperature 16 molecules of HCl per 100 VC-units will be eliminated, obtaining at the same time 12 double bonds and the introduction of 2 oxygen atoms. If the splitting is performed at 60°C, 30 molecules of HCl per 100 VC-units will be eliminated obtaining 15 double bonds and the introduction of 10 oxygen atoms.Analysis by gelpermeation chromatography in combination with balance of materials indicates that parallel to chain splitting an increase in molecular weight takes place possibly by intermolecular elimination of HCl. As compared to reactions with low molecular weight compounds the possibility will be discussed that the splitting of the chain in THF could have proceeded at a head-to-head-addition site after HCl elimination followed by saponification (retroaldolreaction).
    Notes: Unter dem Gesichtspunkt, die Feinstruktur von PVC abzutasten, wurde dessen bereits beschriebene Umsetzung mit Alkali in Tetrahydrofuran nochmals untersucht. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß man beim anderthalbstündigen Verrühren einer 1proz. Lösung von PVC in Tetrahydrofuran mit methanolischer KOH bei Zimmertemperatur oder 60 °C ein Reaktionsprodukt erhält, dessen K-Wert (als Maß für das Molekulargewicht) auf ⅔ des Ursprungs abgefallen ist. Arbeitet man bei Zimmertemperatur, so werden aus je 100 VC-Einheiten 16 Moleküle HCl eliminiert; dabei erhält man 12 Doppelbindungen, Außerdem sind 2 Sauerstoffatome in das Makromolekül eingetreten. Bei der 60°C-Spaltung verliert man auf je 100 VC-Einheiten 30 Moleküle HCl unter Erhalt von 15 Doppelbindungen und Einbau von 10 Sauerstoffatomen.Eine gelpermeationschromatographische Analyse in Kombination mit der Stoffbilanz zeigt, daß parallel zur Verkleinerung von Molekülen durch Kettenspaltung auch eine teilweise Vergrößerung der Ketten durch möglicherweise intermolekular HCl-Abspaltung stattgefunden hat.An Hand von Modellbetrachtungen aus der niedermolekularen Chemie wird diskutiert, daß die Kettenspaltung in Tetrahydrofuran nach HCl-Eliminierung und -Verseifung an einer Kopf-Kopf-Additionsstelle eingesetzt haben könnte (Retroaldolspaltung).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: By methanol extraction of bulk PVC 0,07% PVC of molecular weight 1500 is received, which can be hydrogenated in chloroform selectively. By combination and comparison of classical analysis, 1H- and 13C-NMR-spectroscopy of the unhydrogenated and hydrogenated methanol extracted PVC of molecular weight 1500 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} \hbox {0,5 End-groups of the Type}... \hbox{--} {\rm CHClCH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH \hbox{=\hskip-1.pt=} CHCH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OCH}_{\rm 3}\\ \hbox {und 0,25 End-groups of the Type}... \hbox{--} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CHClCH \hbox{=\hskip-1.pt=} CHCH}_{\rm 2} {\rm Cl}\\ \end{array} $$\end{document} per molecule can be determined. The remaining chain ends predominantly consist of ClCH2CHCl— and in smaller proportion of ClCH2CH2-groups.It is supposed that the results detained with the PVC of Mn = 1500 are valid likewise for the original PVC of Mn = 30000.
    Notes: Durch Extraktion mit Methanol kann man aus Masse-PVC 0,07% PVC vom Molekulargewicht 1500 gewinnen. Dieses läßt sich in Chloroform selektiv hydrieren. Aus der Kombination und dem Vergleich von klassischer Analyse, 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie von unhydriertem und hydriertem methanolextrahiertem PVC lassen sich pro Molekül \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} \hbox {0,5 Endgruppen vom Typ}... \hbox{--} {\rm CHClCH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH \hbox{=\hskip-1pt=} CHCH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OCH}_{\rm 3}\\ \hbox {und 0,25 Endgruppen vom Typ}... \hbox{--} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CHClCH \hbox{=\hskip-1pt=} CHCH}_{\rm 2} {\rm Cl}\\ \end{array} $$\end{document} ermitteln. Die übrigen Kettenenden bestehen vorwiegend aus CICH2CHCI- und in geringerer Menge aus CICH2CH2-Gruppen.Es wird vermutet, daß die beim PVC mit Mn = 1500 ermittelten Ergebnisse auch für das Polymere vom Mn = 30000 gelten.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The following experiment was performed based on the assumption that the characteristic structural features of high molecular weight poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) should be present to the same extent in its low molecular weight fractions. Two PVC fractions of molecular weight, 1500 and 800, respectively, (0.14% of total polymer) were isolated from bulk PVC (Mn 32,000) by extraction with methanol. This extract was transformed into paraffins by a new hydrogenation method using an excess of Raney nickel in order to facilitate identification. 13C-NMR spectral data of the paraffins showed that almost 2 out of 1000 carbon atoms were linked to a side chain with more than five carbon atoms, and 5 out of 1000 carbon atoms were methyl branched. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses confirmed that the low molecular weight paraffins consisted of a sequence of even-numbered homologs. These findings suggest indirectly that the surprisingly low degradation temperature of PVC is due to the arrangement of the chlorine atoms rather than to the branching of the alkyl chain.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1595-1600 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: By treatment with alkali in 2-methoxyethanol, poly(vinyl chloride) is converted to an insoluble network structure. On subsequent oxidation with 65% HNO3, a water-soluble mixture of acids is obtained. Per 1000 carbon atoms of the original polymer chain, approximately 4 moles succinic acid, 2 moles glutaric acid, and 1 mole adipic acid are found. In spite of the fact that the occurrence of succinic acid is in the same order as tail-to-tail polymerization in PVC, it must be assumed that unexpected aggregation of more than two CH2 groups is due to rearrangement during the alkali treatment or the oxidation procedure.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 756 (1972), S. 162-169 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Isobutyraldehyde, IV.  -  1- and 3-Isobutyrate of 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane-1,3-diolCondensation of isobutyraldehyde with catalytic amounts of sodium alcoholate gives 37% of the 3-isobutyrate 1b of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol (1) as well as the expected 1-isobutyrate 1a. Nearly the same ratio of 1a to 1b is formed by esterification of 1 with isobutyric acid. The isobutyrate 2a of 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-penten-1-ol (2), obtained by cracking the diisobutyrate 1c, is free of isomers, while the esterification of 1 leads as a byproduct to a mixture (3 : 2) of 2a and its Δ4-isomer.
    Notes: Bei der Kondensation von Isobutyraldehyd unter der Katalyse durch Na-alkoholat entsteht neben dem bisher aufgefundenen 1-Isobuttersäureester 1a des 2.2.4-Trimethyl-pentandiols-(1.3) (1) zu 37% der isomere 3-Isobuttersäureester 1b. Ein ähnliches Isomerenverhältnis 1a : 1b wird bei der Veresterug von 1 mit Isobuttersäure gefunden. Der durch thermische Spaltung des Diisobuttersäureesters 1c entstehende Isobuttersäureester 2a des 2.2.4-Trimethylpenten-(3)-ols-(1) (2) ist isomerenfrei, während aus der Veresterung von 1 als Nebenprodukt ein 3 : 2-Gemisch von 2a und dem Δ4-Isomeren hervorgeht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 579 (1953), S. 204-211 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 579 (1953), S. 212-234 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isobutyraldehyd gibt bei der Behandlung mit HCl cis,trans-Diisopropyl-4.4-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuranon-(3), dessen Struktur und stereochemische Zuordnung aufgeklärt wurde. Als Zwischenprodukt wurde ein 2.6-Diisopropyl-4-chlor-5.5-dimethyl-1.3-dioxan aufgefunden.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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