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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological ecology of a mussel with methanotrophic endosymbionts at three hydrocarbon seep sites in the Gulf of Mexico (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 122 (1995), S. 605-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In situ growth rates were determined, using two, 1-yr mark/recapture experiments, conducted between September 1991 and July 1993, for an undescribed mytilid, Seep Mytilid Ia, at three hydrocarbon seep sites in the Gulf of Mexico. The sites are located at depths of 540 to 730m, approximately 27°45′N; 91°30′W, and are separated by distances of 6 to 18 miles. These seep mytilids harbor methanotrophic endosymbionts and use methane as both a carbon and energy source. The mussel habitats were chemically characterized by analysis of water samples taken from precisely located microenvironments over, among and below the mussels, using small-volume, interstitial water samplers and the “Johnson Sea Link” submersible. Substantial differences were found in habital conditions, growth rates, and population structure for the mussels at the three sites examined. The growth rate of these seep mytilids reflects the methane concentration in their immediate habitat. Mussels at sites with abundant methane had growth rates that were comparable to shallow water mytilids at similar temperatures (5 to 8°C) with increases in shell length up to 17 mm yr−1 documented for smaller mussels (〈40 mm shell length). In conjunction with measurements of growth rates, three condition indices (glycogen content, tissue water content, and the ratio of ash-free dry weight to shell volume) were used to determine the relationship between the condition of the mussels, their growth rates, and their habitat chemistry. The three condition indices were correlated with growth rate and were often significantly different between mussels in different samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350682
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon dioxide use by chemoautotrophic endosymbionts of hydrothermal vent vestimentiferans: affinities for carbon dioxide, absence of carboxysomes, and δ13C values (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hydrothermal vent vestimentiferans Riftia pachyptila Jones, 1981 and Ridgeia piscesae Jones, 1985 live in habitats with different abundances of external CO2. R. pachyptila is found in areas with a high input of hydrothermal fluid, and therefore with a high [CO2]. R. piscesae is found in a range of habitats with low to high levels of hydrothermal fluid input, with a correspondingly broad range of CO2 concentrations. We examined the strategies for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) use by the symbionts from these two species. R. pachyptila were collected from the East Pacific Rise (9°50′N; 104°20′W) in March 1996, and R. piscesae were collected from the Juan de Fuca Ridge (47°57′N; 129°07′W) during September of 1996 and 1997. The differences in the hosts' habitats were reflected by the internal pools of DIC in these organisms. The concentrations of DIC in coelomic fluid from R. piscesae were 3.1 to 10.5 mM, lower than those previously reported for R. pachyptila, which often exceed 30 mM. When symbionts from both hosts were incubated at in situ pressures, their carbon fixation rates increased with the extracellular concentration of CO2, and not HCO3 −, and symbionts from R. piscesae had a higher affinity for CO2 than those from R. pachyptila (K 1/2 of 7.6 μM versus 49 μM). Transmission electron micrographs showed that symbionts from R. piscesae lack carboxysomes, irrespective of the coelomic fluid [DIC] of their host. This suggests that the higher affinity for CO2 of R. piscesae symbionts may be their sole means of compensating for lower DIC concentrations. The δ13C values of tissues from R. piscesae with higher [DIC] in the coelomic fluid were more positive, opposite to the trend previously described for other autotrophs. Factors which may contribute to this trend are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050597
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dolomite compositions as a guide to epigenetic copper mineralization, Mount Isa Inlier, NW Queensland (1989)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 24 (1989), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Dolomites associated with copper mineralization have higher Fe contents and lower Mn/Fe ratios than their unmineralized equivalents. Over a wide stratigraphic interval and range of original depositional environments, copper-associated dolomite in the Proterozoic Mount Isa Inlier of NW Queensland has Mn/Fe≤0.11. Vein dolomite has a higher Fe content than its corresponding matrix; nevertheless the Mn/Fe ratio of the matrix is a good guide to the maximum Mn/Fe ratio for a dolomitic vein. Thus the simple determination of the Fe and Mn component in the dolomite of a rock gives information about the possible association with copper mineralization even when the rock itself is completely barren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206718
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proterozoic copper deposits in NW Queensland, Australia: Sulfur isotopic data (1985)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 20 (1985), S. 116-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sulfur isotopic disequilibrium is commonly observed between associated pyrite and copper sulfides in NW Queensland. A sulfur isotopic study of copper mineralization in dolomites at Paradise Valley and arenites at Mammoth has allowed the significance of such disequilibrium to be evaluated. Copper mineralization at Paradise Valley is characterized by a greater enrichment in 34S, with δ34S values often greater than +30‰, for both copper sulfides and associated syngenetic/diagneetic pyrite. At Mammoth, copper sulfides have isotopic compositions (δ34S=−15.9 to −0.3‰) transitional between disseminated syngenetic/diagenetic pyrite (δ34S=−5.7 to −1.7‰) and epigenetic vein pyrite (δ34S=−17.9 to −7.1‰) suggesting progressive reaction and replacement of syngenetic/diagenetic pyrite by a copper-bearing mineralizing fluid under oxidizing conditions. The isotopic data, within the constraints imposed by geological and geochemical factors, support a model of reaction between copper-bearing mineralizing fluids and pre-existing syngenetic/diagenetic pyrite for both the carbonate- and arenite-hosted deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204322
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phyllosilicate and rutile compositions as indicators of Sn specialization in some southeastern Australian granites (1988)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 23 (1988), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Biotites from unaltered Sn granites in southeastern Australia are highly ferroan, Fe/(Fe+Mg+Mn) 〉0.75, whereas biotites from barren granites are less Ferich, Fe/(Fe+Mg+Mn)〈0.65. Similar distinctions between Sn-specialized and barren granites can be observed in the other phyllosilicates, especially chlorite. Biotites and muscovites from Sn granites have greater Be, Cs, (F), Li, Mo, Rb, Sc, Sn, Tl, (Y) and Zn and lesser Ba abundances than corresponding micas from barren granites in the same district. Alteration of barren granites also results in similar enrichments in micas. Of these elements, Sn and Zn, because of their abundance and retention during degradation of biotite to chlorite, are the best trace element discriminants between barren granites and Sn granites/altered granites, with the Sn content of phyllosilicates being a better indicator than Zn. Rutile inclusions within phyllosilicates from unaltered Sn granites have Nb2O5 contents up to 26%. The Ta content tends to increase with Nb content but especially high Ta contents occur in the rutile inclusions of granites that give rise to pegmatitic deposits. The rutile inclusions in Sn granites may also have substantial Sn and W contents. The rutiles of barren granites have low Nb, Ta, Sn and W contents but Sn and W increase with alteration. Together, the ratio Fe/(Fe+Mg+Mn) and Sn contents in phyllosilicates and rutile compositions can be used to identify the Sn mineralization potential of a granite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204294
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some notes on the trichoptera of standing waters in Africa, mainly south of the Zambezi (1970)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 35 (1970), S. 177-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In this paper records of Trichoptera in literature dealing with the standing waters of Africa south of the Zambezi, and from the relevant collections of material, are brought together and compared with those from elsewhere in the Ethiopian Region. The Trichopterous fauna of different types of standing waters in Southern Africa is described, and reasons for the lack of variety in the fauna are suggested. One of the main restrictive factors in their distribution appears to be the hydrogen ion concentration in the water, or some other factor controlled by it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00181725
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