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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 23 (1976), S. 495-512 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons étudié en détail le nid naturel de l'Abeille pour mieux comprendre l'écologie de cette espèce. Afin de décrire le site du nid, nous avons fait l'inspection extérieure de 39 nids dans les arbres creux. Pour en étudier la structure, nous avons récolté et disséqué 21 d'entre eux. Les arbres où sont trouvés les nids appartiennent à des genres divers. Les cavités qui abritent les nids sont à peu près cylindriques; elles sont étroites et allongées selon la verticale. La plupart des cavités ont un volume de 30 à 60 litres et se localisent au pied des arbres. Située à la base du nid, l'entrée est de 10 à 40 cm2. A l'extérieur de l'entrée, l'écorce auparavant rugucuse est souvent aplanie par les Abeilles. A l'intérieur du nid, une couche mince de résine végétale durcie (propolis) recouvre les parois de la cavité. Les rayons sont rattachés aux parois par le haut et les côtés, mais les Abcilles laissent de petits passages le long des rayons. L'organisation fondamentale du nid comporte le stockage du miel dans les alvéoles supérieurs, l'élevage du couvain dans les alvéoles inférieurs et le stockage du pollen dans les alvéoles intermédiaires. A cette répartition sont associées des différences de structure dans les alvéoles. Par rapport à ceux qui contiennent du miel, les alvéoles à couvain sont généralement de couleur plus foncée et sont plus uniformes dans leur profondeur et leur forme. Les alvéoles de mâles sont localisés à la périphérie du nid à couvain. La comparaison entre nids du genreApis indique que certains caractères avancés du nid d'Apis mellifera ont évolué en réponse à l'adoption par cette espèce de cavités d'arbres comme sites de nidification.
    Notes: Summary The natural honey bee nest was studied in detail to better understand the honey bee's natural living conditions. To describe the nest site we made external observations on 39 nests in hollow trees. We collected and dissected 21 of these tree nests to describe the nest architecture. No one tree genus strongly predominates among bee trees. Nest cavities are vertically elongate and approximately cylindrical. Most are 30 to 60 liters in volume and at the base of trees. Nest entrances tend to be small, 10 to 40 cm2, and at the nest bottom. Rough bark outside the entrance is often smoothed by the bees. Inside the nest, a thin layer of hardened plant resins (propolis) coats the cavity walls. Combs are fastened to the walls along their tops and sides, but bees leave small passageways along the comb edges. The basic nest organization is honey storage above, brood nest below, and pollen storage in between. Associated with this arrangement are differences in comb structure. Compared to combs used for honey storage, combs of the brood nest are generally darker and more uniform in width and in cell form. Drone comb is located on the brood nest's periphery. Comparisons amongApis nests indicate the advanced characters inApis mellifera nests arose in response toApis mellifera's adoption of tree cavities for nest sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 32 (1985), S. 217-220 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Honigbienen (Apis mellifera) bevorzugen ehemals bewohnte Brutkästen bei der Wahl zwischen noch nie benutzten und vormals von Bienen bewohnten Brutkästen mit Wabe (p=0.032). Dieses Verhalten ist möglicherweise adaptiv in Bezug auf Energieersparnis, verglichen mit einer neuen Kolonie. Die Wahl eines vormals bewohnten Brutkästens könnte jedoch den einfachen Grund haben, daß bereits benutzte Brükästen mit Wabe für die Bienen auffälliger und leichter zu finden sind.
    Notes: Summary Given a choice between nesting in boxes which had been previously occupied by bees, containing comb, and boxes never occupied, honey bees (Apis mellifera) show a significant (p=0.032) preference for the previously occupied cavities. This behavior may be adaptive in terms of energetic savings to a new colony, or cavities with comb may simply be more conspicous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 39 (1996), S. 419-427 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Honey bee ; Communication ; Tremble dance ; Division of labor ; Task switching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract If a forager bee returns to her hive laden with high-quality nectar but then experiences difficulty finding a receiver bee to unload her, she will begin to produce a conspicuous communication signal called the tremble dance. The context in which this signal is produced suggests that it serves to stimulate more bees to function as nectar receivers, but so far there is no direct evidence of this effect. We now report an experiment which shows that more bees do begin to function as nectar receivers when foragers produce tremble dances. When we stimulated the production of tremble dances in a colony and counted the number of bees engaged in nectar reception before and after the period of intense tremble dancing, we found a dramatic increase. In two trials, the number of nectar receivers rose from 17% of the colony’s population before tremble dancing to 30–50% of the population after the dancing. We also investigated which bees become the additional nectar receivers, by looking at the age composition of the receiver bees before and after the period of intense tremble dancing. We found that none of the bees recruited to the task of nectar reception were old bees, most were middle-aged bees, and some were even young bees. It remains unclear whether these auxiliary nectar receivers were previously inactive (as a reserve supply of labor) or were previously active on other tasks. Overall, this study demonstrates that a honey bee colony is able to rapidly and strongly alter its allocation of labor to adapt to environmental changes, and it further documents one of the communication mechanisms underlying this ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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