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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of displacements from nanoprecipitates in a Cu–Ni–Fe single crystal using anomalous small-angle and large-angle X-ray scattering (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 34 (2001), S. 484-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Single crystals of Cu–41.5 at.% Ni–16 at.% Fe have been studied by small-angle and large-angle X-ray scattering in order to determine the displacements induced by the disc-like precipitates formed during decomposition. The small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns gave information on the size and the organization of the precipitates, while the scattering near Bragg peaks allows a determination of the distortions of the lattice created by these precipitates. The variations of the atomic scattering factors of Fe, Ni and Cu (for the large-angle measurements) were used to determine both the partial structure functions (`chemical' data) and the partial displacements. The precipitates were found to be enriched in Fe and Ni, which induced a contraction of the lattice, while the depleted matrix (mainly Cu) was dilated. This succession of compressed and dilated regions is very stable and prevents a single precipitate from growing much in this direction during coarsening. This can explain why a single precipitate tends to grow mainly in the orthogonal directions, where the extension of the displacements is smaller than the precipitated region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889801008809
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution transmission electron microscopy study of the φ′- and δ-AlON spinel phases of the pseudo-binary section AlN–Al2O3 (1999)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 32 (1999), S. 755-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A previously proposed structural model [Tabary & Servant (1999). J. Appl. Cryst. 32, 253–272] for the φ′- and δ-AlON spinel phases, which allows for the double modulation of composition and displacement of cations and anions and which describes both phases and their relationships to the γ-AlON spinel phase, is here supported by high-resolution electron microscopy observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889899005221
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystalline and microstructure study of the AlN–Al2O3 section in the Al–N–O system. I. Polytypes and γ-AlON spinel phase (1999)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 32 (1999), S. 241-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The crystalline structure and microstructure of some phases of the pseudo-binary system AlN–Al2O3 are discussed, with special attention to the γ spinel phase. Samples with AlN content ranging between 43.3 and 3.5 mol % were studied after different thermal treatments. X-ray and neutron diffraction Rietveld peak-profile refinement allowed the determination of the cell parameters and weight fraction of the phases. By checking different hypotheses of structure, it has been shown that the positions of the anions in the γ-AlON spinel phase are not ideal and correspond to a deformed face-centred cubic (f.c.c.) structure. This deviation is not due to the presence of vacancies in the cationic sublattice. The vacancies are distributed in the octahedral sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889898012485
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Displacements from Cu4Ti in a Cu–Ti single crystal using small-angle and diffuse X-ray scattering: a synchrotron radiation study (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 33 (2000), S. 928-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Single crystals of Cu–2.5 at.% Ti have been studied by small-angle and large-angle X-ray scattering to determine the displacements induced by the formation and the coarsening of ordered Cu4Ti precipitates. The variation of the atomic scattering factor of Cu near its absorption edge was used to confirm the nature of the precipitates and to show that the scattering appearing near Bragg peaks was due to the displacements of the atoms from their ideal positions, induced by the formation of the precipitates, and not to the segregation of the Ti atoms. The displacement field was found to be dependent on the precipitate mean size, with a single component aligned along a soft 〈100〉 direction: it is composed of a region of dilatation, where the Cu-atom positions follow the increase of the atomic distance induced by the Cu4Ti precipitate formation, followed by a region of contraction. This effect is responsible for the pile-up of the precipitates along the soft directions: the interaction between precipitates is repulsive at long distances and attractive at shorter distances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889800003071
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Determination of Low-Phase Volume Fraction in Ferro-Silicon Alloys by the Rietveld Profile-Refinement Method. Neutron Diffraction Data Compared with Other Methods (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 28 (1995), S. 707-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Neutron diffraction data collected from ferrosilicon alloy powders have been analysed using the Rietveld profile-refinement method in order to perform a quantitative determination of the phase volume fraction. The results obtained have been compared with those determined from other methods such as imaging analysis, chemical analysis and phase-diagram calculation by a thermodynamic approach. For low phase volume fractions, the Rietveld profile refinement of the neutron-powder-diffractometer data gives results that are more accurate than those from imaging analysis and that are more representative at the ingot scale than those from chemical analysis, owing to the greater quantity of powder analysed. As concerns the thermodynamic calculations, two phase volume fraction determinations may be performed: quantitative, at equilibrium, and qualitative, out of equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889895003657
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystalline and microstructure study of the AlN–Al2O3 section in the Al–N–O system. II. φ′- and δ-AlON spinel phases (1999)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 32 (1999), S. 253-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Results from the crystalline and microstructure study of the φ′- and δ-AlON spinel phases by X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and standard-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques are reported. Several samples having different compositions in mol % AlN were considered. A structural model is proposed to account for the double modulation of composition and displacement of the cations and anions, which has been determined for these two phases and for the relationship with the γ-AlON spinel phase. Some high-resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments have confirmed the present structural model. A discussion with reference to previous data is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889898012497
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rearrangement phenomenon developed inside powder compacts: theoretical model expressing the associated shrinkage (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (1984), S. 2599-2605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A distinct new Stage 0 has been resolved which precedes the normal Stage 1 in the sintering curves of iron powder composed of smooth spherical particles. It can, therefore, be resolved only under conditions of high-speed dilatometry, where the errors induced by heating are minimized. The temperature and pressure dependence of Stage 0 suggests that this kinetic regime is related to the relaxation of tangential interparticle stresses caused by incomplete compaction. To take into account the experimental results a model is proposed. The agreement between the dilatometric curves calculated from this model and the experimental ones is good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00550815
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the structural evolution occurring during anisothermal or isothermal treatments in the case of nickel and manganese type maraging alloys (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 20 (1985), S. 3339-3352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports a comparison of the structural evolution of nickel and manganese type maraging steels. The dilatometric behaviour was studied during anisothermal treatments performed at different rates. Furthermore, the evolution of the microstructure was followed during isothermal ageing with the help of electron microscopy and microdiffraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TEM investigation of the tempering behaviour of the maraging PH 17.4 Mo stainless steel (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 2297-2304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The PH 17-4 Mo steel (Z6 CND 17.04.02), used in the steam generator of nuclear reactors, was investigated in order to determine the structural evolution occurring during tempering carried out under various conditions of duration and temperature. The formation and growth of different types of carbides such as Mo2C, M23C6 and M7C3 and of Fe2Mo intermetallic compound were studied and also of reversed austenite. A small secondary hardening peak was observed for tempering close to 400' C which is related to the Mo2C carbide precipitation; beyond this temperature, softening occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FeAl3Si2 (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 177-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270194009030
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