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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature oxidation and spalling behavior of incoloy 825 (1989)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 32 (1989), S. 405-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: incoloy ; oxidation kinetics ; spalling ; cyclic oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Incoloy-825-sheet specimens were exposed to four different atmospheres; steam, synthetic air, CO2, and CO2 diluted with argon. The duration of exposure was varied from 2 min to 100 hr in the temperature range of 600–1300°C. A comparison of the results in these four atmospheres showed the maximum weight gain in specimens exposed under steam, while the minumum value was obtained in specimens subjected to diluted CO2. The alloy obeyed similar reaction kinetics while exposed to all the atmospheres under consideration. The overall domination of parabolic rates was observed at 800–1000°C. For still higher temperatures, a transition from the parabolic to the cubic rate law was observed. Thermal cycling did not show any appreciable effects on the reaction kinetics of the alloy when specimens were cycled between test temperatures and 500°C, and finally cooled to ambient temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665447
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of high-temperature alloys (superalloys) at elevated temperatures in air: I (1994)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 41 (1994), S. 251-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Hastelloy C-4 ; Alloy 1.4306S ; Incoloy 800H ; Incoloy 825 ; air oxidation ; reaction kinetics ; oxide-scale morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Four commercial alloys-Hastelloy C-4, alloy 1.4306S (SS 304L), Incoloy 800H, and Incoloy 825-were studied for their oxidation behavior at elevated temperatures. Specimens were exposed to air from 600 to 1200°C for 1 to 400 hr. Reaction kinetics of oxidation were determined, and the morphology of the surface-oxide scales was investigated. Hastelloy C-4 showed better resistance to oxidation dor exposure temperatures up to 1000°C in comparison with the other three alloys. In this temperature range, it follows a cubic rate law of oxidation due to formation of uniform, protective, and adherent oxide scales. The latter three alloys obeyed the parabolic rate law at 1000°C and 1200°C, but for lower temperatures a mixed behavior was shown. The oxide layer developed on the alloy 1.4306S was always in the form of stratified nodules/warts. For longer exposures the nodules joined each other to form continuous but discrete layers. Incoloy 800H and Incoloy 825 behaved in an almost identical manner, their reaction kinetics being governed by the parabolic rate law throughout the temperature range. Oxide spalling was observed at all temperatures. In contrast to Incoloy 800H the Incology 825 was totally oxidized for longer exposures at 1200°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080783
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of high-temperature alloys (superalloys) at elevated temperatures in air. II (1995)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 43 (1995), S. 363-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: superalloys ; UHBA 25L ; Sanicro 28 ; Inconel 690 ; air oxidation ; reaction kinetics ; oxide-scale morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In continuation of previous work, the oxidation behavior of three more alloys, namely UHBA 25L, Sanicro 28, and Inconel 690, was studied at high temperatures (600 to 1200°C). The oxidation kinetics of UHBA 25L and Sanicro 28 followed the parabolic-rate law at 800 and 1000°C. At 600°C oxidation rates were very low, while at 1200° C the parabolic-rate law was initially observed, followed by “breakaway.” Both alloys suffered extensive spalling at all temperatures, despite their high Cr contents of about 25% and 27%, respectively. This is atrributed to significant amounts of Mn present. Sanicro 28, with higher Cr, suffered an early breakaway at 1200°C because of the presence of Mo, which forms a low-melting oxide. Inconel 690 showed mixed behavior at 600 and 800°C, parabolic at 1000°C and cubic at 1200°C. Inconel 690 and Incoloy 800H gave the best overall performance for the range of temperature and exposure time under study. This may be ascribed to the absence of Mo, the presence of small amounts of Ti and Al, and relatively small amount of Mn in these alloys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047036
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal properties of tridymite: 25°C–300°C (1970)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 2 (1970), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a préparé tridymite à partir ds divers flux. La plupart des échantillons a montre deux inversions du premier ordre à 117 et 163°. Les chaleurs d'inversion montrent d'après l'étude calorimétrique des variations considérables et ne représentent pas des constantes de la tridymite. Les différences sont en corrélation avec le polytipisme et le désordre. L'inversion de 117° se produit avec un hystérésis considérable. On présente une méthode à déterminer les valeurs des températures de transition d'équilibre des données dynamiques. Plusieurs échantillons ont montré une inversion du second ordre à 230–250°.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde über die Erzeugung von Tridymit aus verschiedenen Schmelzen berichtet. Die meisten Proben zeigten zwei Umwandlungen von erster Ordnung bei 117 und 163°. Kalorimetrische Untersuchungen zeigten, daß die Umwandlungswärmen beträchtliche Verschiedenheiten aufwiesen und keine Konstanten des Tridymits sind. Die Unterschiede sind auf Polytypen und Unordnungen zurückzuführen. Die Umwandlung bei 117° ist durch beträchtliche Hysterese begleitet. Es wurde eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Gleichgewicht-Übergangstemperaturen aus dynamischen Daten beschrieben. Manche Proben zeigten noch eine Umwandlung von zweiter Ordnung zwischen 230 und 250°.
    Notes: Abstract Tridymite has been produced from a variety of fluxes. Most samples gave two first-order inversions at ∼117 and ∼163°. Calorimetric study shows that the heats of inversion exhibit considerable variation, and are thus not constants of tridymite. These differences are related to the polytypism and disorder. The 117° inversion occurs with considerable hysteresis: a method for determining equilibrium transition temperatures from dynamic data is presented. Some of the tridymite samples also exhibited a second-order inversion in the range 230–250°.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01911349
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zero resistance of quenched Bi1.5Pb0.4Sb0.1Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox at 140 K (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 6321-6323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A glass-ceramic of nominal composition Bi1.5Pb0.4Sb0.1Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox was prepared by the melt-quenching method. The subsequent heat treatment of the sample at 860±5°C showedT c(zero) at 94 K. Exposure of the sample for 4 days in air improved itsT c(zero) to 140 K. In another similarly heat-treated sample, a two-step transition in the p-Tcurve at 140 K and at 1 1 1 K, was observed. The superconducting transition appeared to be of a percolative nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00576279
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of oxidation of alloy 1.4306S (SS-304L) in air and steam at 1200°C using the Mössbauer technique (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 224 (1997), S. 3-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Mössbauer technique has been used to study the oxidation of alloy 1.4306S (SS-304L) at 1200°C exposed in atmospheres of air and steam, for, 1, 6, 24, 100 and 400 hours. By oxidation in air the major products are α-FE2O3, γ-FE2O3, and Fe3O4 while, during oxidation in steam they are δ-FeOOH, γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. A minor phase detected following both kinds of oxidation may be ascribed to MnCrFeO4, Cr2FeO4, δ-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH produced in steam only while the base material is found following air oxidation. The proportion of Fe3O4 on the scale remains constant for all exposure durations in air oxidation, while it becomes constant in steam oxidation only in cases where the entire sample has been oxidized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02034603
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