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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 208 (1965), S. 681-682 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Experimentally, however, little evidence has been accumulated which substantiates the occurrence of relaxation effects in electrophoresis. von Stackelberg et al.5 examined the mobility of some emulsion droplets in the xa range 10-2,000 and obtained qualitative evidence for relaxation. An indirect ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 218 (1967), S. 34-40 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde versucht, Polystyrol-Latices, die durch Emulsionspolymerisation dargestellt worden waren, durch Elektrophorese zu charakterisieren. Als Emulsionsmittel wurden Dodecansäure, Dodecylamin, Dodecylphosphorsäure und Salzsäure, als Initiatoren Wasserstoffperoxid und Kaliumperoxiddisulfat verwandt. Wenn durch einmalige Dialyse die bei der Polymerisation gebildeten Oxydationsprodukte entfernt werden, zeigt die Beweglichkeit in Abhängigkeit vom pH-Wert Bereiche, die für die adsorbierten oberflächenaktiven Agentien charakteristisch sind. Nach intensiver Dialyse verschwinden diese Bereiche, und die Kurven nehmen die für Carbonsäuren mit einem Oberflächen-pK-Wert von 4,64 charakteristische Gestalt an. Die Versuche weisen darauf hin, da\ die Carboxylgruppen ein Bestandteil des Polymeren sind. Eine Bestätigung hierfür ergab sich aus der Darstellung einer Polystyroldispersion durch Suspensionspolymerisation bei völliger Abwesenheit grenzflächenaktiver Verbindungen. Diese Dispersion zeigt einen ähnlichen Zusammenhang zwischen Beweglichkeit und pH-Wert wie die ausgiebig dialysierten Latices. In einer detaillierten Diskussion wird die Frage behandelt, wie pK-Werte aus elektrokinetischen Daten ermittelt werden können.
    Notes: Summary A series of polystyrene latices prepared by emulsion polymerisation have been characterised by electrophoresis. Dodecanoic acid, dodecylamine hydrochloride and dodecylphosphoric acid were used as emulsifying agents and hydrogen peroxide and potassium persulphate as initiators. After a preliminary dialysis to remove oxidation products formed in the polymerisation the mobility against pH curves showed regions which were characteristic of the adsorbed surface active agent. After extensive dialysis these regions were no longer present and the curves were characteristic of a carboxylic acid with a surface pK of 4.64. The experiments indicated that the carboxyl groups were an integral part of the polymer. This was confirmed by the preparation, using suspension polymerisation, of a dispersion of polystyrene particles in the complete absence of surface active agent. For this material the mobility — pH behaviour was very similar to that of the extensively dialysed latices. A detailed discussion is given of the problem of obtaining pK values from electrokinetic data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 215 (1967), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Methoden zur Präparation monodisperser Polystyrol-Latices werden beschrieben, wobei als Initiator Wasserstoffsuperoxid und als Emulgator Natriumdodecanoat, Natriumdodecyl-Hydrogenphosphat und Dodecylamin-Hydrochlorid Verwendung fanden. Die erhaltenen Latices haben einen kleinen Koeffizienten der Variation des Teilchen-Durchmessers, bestimmt mit Elektronenmikroskopie. Die Partikelgröße schwankte innerhalb 500–5000 Å. Die Teilchen-Durchmesser aus höheren Ordnungen des Tyndall-Spektrums stehen in vernünftigerÜbereinstimmung mit denen aus elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen. Die Bestimmung der Oberflächengröße eines Latex durch Krypton-Adsorption gab eine Oberfläche ebenfalls in guter Übereinstimmung mit der elektronenmikroskopischen Beobachtung.
    Notes: Summary A description is given of the methods used for the preparation of monodisperse polystyrene latices using hydrogen peroxide as an initiator and sodium dodecanoate, sodium dodecyl hydrogen phosphate and dodecylamine hydrochloride as surface active agents for the emulsification of styrene. The latices prepared had a small coefficient of variation on particle diameter as measured by electron microscopy. The range of particle sizes investigated was from 500–5000 Å. The diameters of the particles determined, where possible, from Higher Order Tyndall Spectra were in reasonable agreement with those determined by electron microscopy. Determination of the surface area of one latex by krypton adsorption gave a surface area in close agreement with that obtained from electron microscope observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 6 (1968), S. 449-458 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infrared spectroscopy was empolyed to study the nature of the structural changes which occurred through oxidation during the emulsion polymerization of styrene. Aliphatic carboxylic, amino, and phosphate emulsifiers and hydrogen peroxide and potassium persulfate initiators were empolyed for polymer preparation. In addition, a polystyrene dispersion prepared in the absence of any emulsifier or stabilizer was examined. Irrespective of the nature of the initiator-emulsifier combination employed, all of the polymer spectra revealed bands at 1705 and 1770 cm.-1. The band at 1705 cm.-1 was assigned in part to the carbonyl stretching mode of dimertic carboxylic acid, formed by oxidation, in the polystyrene chains. Absorption at 1770 cm.-1, which was very weak, was tentatively attributed to the carbonyl stretching mode of the monomeric form of this acid. The structure of the acid endgroup was not established, but the results obtained suggest that it was possibly a phenylacetic acid residue or a residue with a similar structure.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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