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Neuroanatomical Correlates of Skin Conductance Orienting in Normal Humans: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (1991)

Raine, Adrian ; Reynolds, Gavin P. ; Sheard, Charlotte

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Psychophysiology 28 (1991), S. 0

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ISSN: 1469-8986

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine , Psychology

Notes: Although little is known about the neuroanatomical basis of skin conductance orienting in intact normal humans, the limited literature on animals and humans with neurological and clinical disorders implicate prefrontal, temporal/amygdala, and pons brain areas in mediating skin conductance orienting. This study relates area of these structures using magnetic resonance imaging techniques to skin conductance orienting responses in 17 normal humans in order to test hypotheses that larger area of these excitatory structures will be associated with more orienting responses. Left and right hand skin conductance orienting was significantly associated with left and right prefrontal area (r=.44-.60), area of the pons (r=.43-.54), and left but not right temporal/amygdala area (r=.47-.53). No relationships were observed with areas thought to be unrelated to skin conductance activity (cerebellum, nonfrontal cortical area), medial prefrontal cortex, or the third ventricle. This appears to be the first study relating brain structure to skin conductance orienting in intact normal humans. Although preliminary at the present time, these results implicate prefrontal, pons, and temporal/amygdala areas in the mediation of skin conductance orienting in normal humans.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb01991.x

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Quality of smoking cessation information on the Internet: a cross-sectional survey study (2002)

Ademiluyi, Gbogboade ; Rees, Charlotte E. ; Sheard, Charlotte E.

Bradford : Emerald

Journal of documentation 58 (2002), S. 649-661

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ISSN: 0022-0418

Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Topics: Information Science and Librarianship

Notes: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Internet information on smoking cessation using a cross-sectional survey design. The characteristics and content of 89 Web sites containing smoking cessation information were evaluated. The quality of these sites were measured by the information quality tool (IQT), quality scale (QS) and DISCERN. The most widely reported types of information were the risks of smoking (65.2 per cent of sites) and nicotine replacement therapy (77.8 per cent of sites). Most (59.7 per cent) of the sites containing treatment information were evidence-based. The Web sites were of variable quality and the quality of sites produced by non-commercial organisations (e.g. universities) was significantly higher than those produced by commercial organisations (e.g. pharmaceutical companies) and private practices. Sites containing some evidence-based information had significantly higher quality scores than sites containing no evidence-based information. These findings have implications for practice and further research and these are discussed in the paper.