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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Auditory neurons ; Sound localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single unit activity from the VI and VII lobuli of the cerebellar vermis cortex was studied following acoustical stimulation with sound signals of different parameters. Cerebellar neurons, as compared to those from the auditory system, showed low selectivity to sound frequency, intensity and duration. However, about 2/3 of the neurons were selectively sensitive to interaural time and intensity differences; about 1/3 of neurons showed a specific response to signals simulating sound motion in a definite direction. Thus, cerebellar neurons seem to be mainly responsive to those sound parameters which are essential for sound localization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 10 (1970), S. 81-93 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Medial geniculate body ; Sound localisation ; Short term memory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of 93 medial geniculate body (MGB) neurons was examined in anesthetized cats in response to monaural and binaural click stimuli. Three types of reaction were found with single clicks: an initial discharge (latency: 6–30 msec); an initial and a late discharge (latency of late discharge: 0,5-4 sec), and only a late discharge. Under the conditions of lateralisation (interaural time or intensity difference of the binaurally applied stimuli) significant changes as of the initial as of the late discharge were found. Using sound signals simulating a moving sound source a number of neurons were found to react specifically to the direction of this movement. An assumption is made concerning the role of the late discharge for the fixation of information about position of a sound source in space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 8 (1977), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 1573-899X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions 1. An auditory pattern of a stationary vowel, invariant relative to changes in certain parameters — the basic frequency, intensity, and duration of presentation (300-75 msec)-can be formed in intact dogs. Two formulas are sufficient for identification of the vowels [a] and [i]. 2. The auditory pattern of the vowels [a] and [i] is preserved after bilatal removal of the auditory projection cortex and it can be formed in animals after preliminary removal of the auditory cortex. 3. The identification of vowels by animals after preliminary removal of the auditory cortex is disturbed when the excessiveness of information contained in the stimuli is reduced (the number of formants is reduced and the duration of stimulus presentation is short-ened).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 5 (1973), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Investigation of unit responses of the cerebellar cortex (lobules VI–VII of the vermis) to acoustic stimulation showed that the great majority of neurons responded by a discharge of one spike or a group of spikes with a latent period of 10–40 msec and with a low fluctuation value. Neurons identified as Purkinje cells responded to sound either by inhibition of spontaneous activity or by a "climbing fiber response" with a latent period of 40–60 msec and with a high fluctuation value. In 4 of 80 neurons a prolonged (lasting about 1 sec or more), variable response with a latent period of 225–580 msec was observed. The minimal thresholds of unit responses to acoustic stimuli were distributed within the range from −7 to 77 dB, with a mode from 20 to 50 dB. All the characteristics of the cerebellar unit responses studied were independent of the intensity, duration, and frequency of the sound, like neurons of short-latency type in the inferior colliculi. In certain properties — firing pattern, latent period, and threshold of response — the cerebellar neurons resemble neurons of higher levels of the auditory system: the medial geniculate body and auditory cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 16 (1986), S. 476-481 
    ISSN: 1573-899X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions 1. Unilateral removal of the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex partially impairs the ability of dogs to differentiate the direction of movement of an auditory image and to distinguish it from a “stationary” image if the displacement and movement of the auditory image occur due to the introduction of interaural differences in stimulation time. The most substantial disturbances are observed if the auditory image moves or is displaced towards the hemisphere contralateral to that injured. 2. Bilateral ablation of the auditory cortex totally impairs the ability of animals to differentiate the direction of movement of an auditory image and to distinguish it from a “stationary” stimulus if its displacement or movement is due to interaural differences in stimulation time. Meanwhile, these animals retain the ability to localize the moving signal during change in interaural differences in stimulation intensity
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 10 (1978), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The character of binaural competitive connections at the level of the superior olive was investigated cytospectrophotometrically in cats. As a result of monaural stimulation for 2 h or binaural stimulation for 1.5 h by rhythmic noise signal the RNA content in the neurons of the ipsilateral and contralateral medial and lateral nuclei increased significantly. The volume of functioning neurons in the nuclei studied either increased or remained the same as in the control. The increase in the RNA content in neurons of both the ipsilateral and contralateral medial and lateral nuclei suggests a uniform distribution of binaurally converging connections on the neurons of these nuclei. The results also suggest that the accumulation of cytoplasmic RNA takes place in response not only to excitation, but also to inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A cytophotometric study of sections stained with gallocyanin and chrome alum showed that monaural stimulation for 2 h and binaural stimulation for 1.5 h with rhythmic noise signals led to a marked increase in the cytoplasmic RNA content per cell in the principal and large multipolar neurons of the dorsal and ventral parts of the ventrolateral region of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. The increase in cytoplasmic RNA content in the principal cells of the ipsiand contralateral parts of this nucleus relative to the stimulated ear in the case of monaural stimulation and the increase in RNA content in response to binaural stimulation suggests a uniform distribution of bilaterally converging connections from the lower nuclei of the auditory system on the principal cells. The increase in cytoplasmic RNA in the large multipolar cells of the contralateral central nucleus in response to monaural stimulation is evidence of the predominantly contralateral projection to these cells. The results are evidence of convergence of binaural influences on the principal and large multipolar cells of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 11 (1981), S. 299-304 
    ISSN: 1573-899X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A cytophotometric study of sections stained with gallocyanin and chrome alum showed that monaural stimulation for 2 h and binaural stimulation for 1.5 h with rhythmic noise signals led to a marked increase in the cytoplasmic RNA content per cell in the principal and large multipolar neurons of the dorsal and ventral parts of the ventrolateral region of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. The increase in cytoplasmic RNA content in the principal cells of the ipsiand contralateral parts of this nucleus relative to the stimulated ear in the case of monaural stimulation and the increase in RNA content in response to binaural stimulation suggests a uniform distribution of bilaterally converging connections from the lower nuclei of the auditory system on the principal cells. The increase in cytoplasmic RNA in the large multipolar cells of the contralateral central nucleus in response to monaural stimulation is evidence of the predominantly contralateral projection to these cells. The results are evidence of convergence of binaural influences on the principal and large multipolar cells of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 274-276 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: superior olivary nuclei ; cytoplasmic RNA ; binaurally convergent connections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Binaurally converging connections at the level of the superior olivary nuclei were investigated in anesthetized cats by the method of quantitative cytospectrophotometry. As a result of monaural stimulation for 2 h with burst of rhythmic noise a marked increase was observed in the content of cytoplasmic RNA in neurons of the ipsilateral and contralateral medial and lateral nuclei. The volume of functioning neurons of these nuclei either showed no significant change or was increased. Some idea of the character of the functional organization of binaurally convergent connections can be deduced from these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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