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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 45-53 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dentin ; Periodicity ; Allometry ; Calcium ; Sulfur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have described differences in the aspects of biological rhythms for calcium and sulfur deposition on the labial and lingual sides of the growing rabbit incisor, where growth occurs along a spiral axis. The calcium oscillations appear to be smoother on the labial side than on the lingual side. The lingual side is characterized by high-frequency rhythms with high amplitudes which possess the greatest percent of the power (Fourier analysis). These observations also reflect a difference in behavior of the mean Ca concentration across the labial and lingual sides. Sulfur rhythms on the labial side have higher amplitudes than those on the lingual side, but systematic differences in distribution of power between high and low frequencies is not as pronounced as in the case of Ca. The differences in Ca rhythms reflect differences in the growth rates of incisors on either side of the spiral axis. The labial side grows slightly faster than the lingual side, and its odontoblasts secrete Ca along the spiral axis and toward the pulp cavity at the same time. Thus the resultant direction of growth is more nearly opposite the extension of the occlusal end on the labial side, and Ca is consequently deposited over a wider area relative to that on the lingual surfaces. On the lingual side, Ca is deposited within a more limited area, and growth must therefore be continuous at high frequencies. The distribution of Ca on both sides of the tooth reflects these differences in growth rate and periodicity in two ways. First, given a unit area of tooth, the calcium concentration on the labial side is less than that of the lingual side. Second, whereas the calcium concentration on the labial side declines rapidly from the enamel-dentin junction to the pulp cavity, it is uniformly high across the lingual side because its growth is more continuous at high frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 29-44 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rabbit ; Dentin ; Calcium ; Sulfur ; Periodicity ; Circadian ; Ultradian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have identified a variety of biological rhythms involved in the apposition and mineralization of dentin in the rabbit incisor. Animals were injected during the day or night with lead acetate at 2-week intervals—to provide biological time markers in forming dentin—and transverse undecalcified sections of the lower incisors were prepared for electron microprobe analysis. The positions of the lead markers were identified, and the continuous distribution of calcium and sulfur was measured at 1 µm intervals between the markers. In thin sections stained with hematoxylin after decalcification, the widths of a series of structural increments (bands) were measured with an ocular micrometer. Fourier analysis of the data revealed spectra of structural and compositional rhythms with a range of periodicities which extended from a matter of hours [ultradian (〈24 h)] to days [infradian (〉24 h) and circadian (approximately 24 h)]. The structural and compositional rhythms appeared to be independent to the extent that they did not necessarily have the same periods, or amplitudes. Nor were there simple phase relationships between all of the rhythms. At some times, Ca and S fluctuations are inversely proportional (180° out of phase), but in other cases they are directly proportional or out of phase by varying degrees other than 180°. The analyses thus suggest that calcium and sulfur deposition (representing mineral and glycosaminoglycan deposition, respectively) are not simply inversely proportional, and that the hematoxylin-stained structural increments did not solely reflect differences in the distribution of the mineral components in dentin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 5 (1970), S. 206-221 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Teleosts ; Calcium ; Tetracycline ; Bone Formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La croissance osseuse et le métabolisme du calcium sont étudiés chezOpsanus tau marin, à os acellulaire, à l'aide de marquages à la tétracycline et45Ca, injectés par voie intra-musculaire pendant 26 jours. La localisation du marquage au niveau des vertèbres est initialement plus rapide au niveau des maxillaires, mais le pourcentage de rétention du45Ca au niveau de ces tissus, en se basant sur des grammes de cendres, n'est pas significativement différent après 4–6 heures. C'est le temps au bout duquel l'analyse microdensitométrique d'autoradiographies par contact des coupes de maxillaires indique un maximum d'absorption de45Ca au niveau de toutes les surfaces corticales osseuses. Aucune perte de45Ca des surfaces osseuses n'est mise en évidence durant les 14 jours suivants. Les différences d'absorption du45Ca dans ces tissus semblent liées aux surfaces osseuses relatives, plutôt qu'aux différences du contenu minéral par unité de volume d'os. Des essais de mesure de l'apposition osseuse par séparation de deux injections de tétracycline, à des intervalles de 18 jours, furent réalisés sans succès et une seule bande fluorescente sous-périostée, de 8–9 μ de large a été observée. Ce fait est probablement lié à la vitesse d'excrétion sanguine très lente de l'os, d'environ 0.2–0.3 μ par jour. La chute de la radioactivité du plasma est presqu'inversement proportionnelle au temps après injection. Aucun marquage diffus n'a pu être localisé, sans doute, par suite de l'absence d'ostéocytes, de lacunes et de canalicules qui, dans l'os cellulaire, facilite la diffusion des ions calciques du liquide extracellulaire vers les cristaux osseux situés profondément dans le squelette. Le composé diffus, s'il est présent, constitue moins d'un cinquième de ce que l'on s'attend à trouver dans l'os cellulaire.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Das Knochenwachstum und der Calciummetabolismus wurden beim knochenzellosen marinen Krötenfisch (Opsanus tau) während 26 Tagen anhand von Tetracyclin- und45Ca-Markierung verfolgt. Die Aufnahme des Isotopes erfolgte vorerst rascher in den Wirbelkörpern als in den Kieferknochen, jedoch war die prozentuale Retention von45Ca, auf das Aschegewicht bezogen, in diesen Geweben nach 4–6 Std nicht signifikant verschieden. Nach dieser Zeit konnte anhand von mikrodensitometrischen Untersuchungen von Kieferschnitt-Autoradiographien festgestellt werden, daß in allen Corticalis-Oberflächen die maximale45Ca-Aufnahme stattgefunden hatte. Während der folgenden 14 Tage konnte kein45Ca-Verlust von den Knochenoberflächen nachgewiesen werden. Die Unterschiede der45Ca-Aufnahme in diesen Geweben scheinen eher mit der relativen Oberflächengröße der Knochen als mit dem Mineralgehalt pro Knochenvolumen in Zusammenhang zu stehen. Versuche, die angelagerte Knochenschicht durch zwei, im Abstand von 18 Tagen vorgenommene Tetracyclin-Markierungen zu messen, verliefen ergebnislos; es konnte nur eine einzige 8–9 μ dicke, subperiostale Fluoreszenzschicht beobachtet werden. Dies war vermutlich einer sehr langsamen Abnahme des Tetracyclins im Blut, verbunden mit einer stark verlangsamten Knochenbildung von nur 0,2–0,3 μ pro Tag zuzuschreiben. Die Abnahme der Radioaktivität im Plasma war beinahe umgekehrt proportional zur Zeitspanne seit der Injektion. Dies ist vermutlich auf das Fehlen von Osteocyten, Lacunae und Canaliculi zurückzuführen, die ja im zellulären Knochen eine Diffusion von Calciumionen aus der Extrazellulärflüssigkeit zu den tiefer im Skelett liegenden Knochenkristallen ermöglichen. Wenn eine diffuse Komponente vorlag, so betrug sie weniger als ⅕ der für zellulären Knochen erwarteten.
    Notes: Abstract Bone growth and calcium metabolism were studied in marine acellular-boned toadfish (Opsanus tau) by tetracycline and by45Ca labeling over a 26-day period. The uptake of tracer in vertebrae was initially faster than in the jaws, but the percent retention of45Ca on a gram ash basis in these tissues was not significantly different after 4–6 hours. This was the time at which microdensitometric analysis of contact autoradiographs of jaw sections indicated that peak45Ca uptake had occurred on all cortical bone surfaces. No loss of45Ca from bone surfaces was detected during the next 14 days. The differences in45Ca uptake in these tissues appeared to be related to the relative surface areas of bone rather than to differences in mineral content per unit volume of bone. Attempts to measure appositional bone growth by the separation of two tetracycline labels administered at an interval of 18 days were unsuccessful, and only a single subperiosteal fluorescent band 8–9 μ thick was observed. This was probably the result of a very low rate of excretion of tetracycline from the blood, together with a very low appositional rate of bone growth of only 0.2–0.3 μ/day. The fall in the plasma radioactivity was almost inversely proportional to time since injection. No diffuse labeling could be detected, due presumably to the absence of osteocytes, in lacunae and canaliculi which, in cellular bone, permits diffusion of calcium ions from extracellular fluid to bone crystals deep within the skeleton. The diffuse component, if present, was less than one-fifth that expected in cellular bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 522-526 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteopenia — Periosteum — Osteocytes — TGF-β2.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The effects of tail suspension hypokinesia on the gene expression for TGF-β2 at different sites within bone were evaluated. TGF-β2 mRNA signal levels were determined quantitatively by an image analysis system. The osteopenia induced by tail suspension was verified by histomorphometry. In the periosteum of nonsuspended control rats, TGF-β2 mRNA was highly expressed in the preosteoblasts and osteoblast-rich cambial layers; very little signal was present within the middle and outer fibroblastic layers. Gene expression was significantly reduced in suspended rats, and this was evident both in terms of the number of silver grains in unit area or length of tissue and in each osteoblast and preosteoblast. Hypokinesia also reduced the expression of TGF-β2 mRNA level in cortical and trabecular bone osteocytes, but did not adversely affect the mRNA level in chondrocytes in growth plate. The results affirm the site-specific response of TGF-β2 gene expression in rats, and suggest that the cortical and trabecular bone osteopenia associated with hypokinesia in rats may be associated with a deficit in osteoblastic and osteocytic TGF-β2 level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone marrow ; Insulin-like growth factor ; Fibroblast ; Stromal cell ; Transforming growth factor-β ; Osteopontin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The fibroblast-like cells in the marrow stromal system were separated from endothelial cells and macrophages by negative selection of magnetic beads. Immunocytochemistry confirmed that these fibroblast-like cells expressed fibronectin and collagen Type III, but not Factor VIII and epithelial membrane antigen (endothelial cell markers) or Mac I (macrophage marker). The fibroblast-like stromal cells (FSC) synthesized the insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and-II in amounts equivalent to that produced by unfractionated marrow stromal cells (UMSC); in both, the concentration of IGF-II was 10 times higher than that of IGF-I. Northern analysis revealed that FSC and UMSC expressed identical patterns of mRNAs for IGF-I and transforming growth factor (TGF) -β2, for osteopontin, and for procollagen Types I and III (Type I〉Type III). Type II procollagen mRNA was not expressed in both cell populations. The (TGF)-β2 gene mRNA was expressed at a lower level by the FSC than UMSC. The pattern of gene expression in these cells is consistent with an osteoprogenitor phenotype. Both FSCs and UMSCs express parathyroid hormone (PTH) and estrogen receptor genes (rtPCR technique). The study provides additional evidence that firoblast-like marrow stromal cells have an osteoblas signature, and that they are largely responsible for the osteogenic performance of cells in unfractionated marrow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 63-68 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone morphogenetic protein — Marrow stromal cell — Bone matrix — Alkaline phosphatase — Collagen.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. To investigate the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) in ossifying rat bone marrow stromal cell cultures, we determined the population of fibroblast-like stromal cells that expressed BMP-2 immunocytochemically (anti-rhBMP-2 monoclonal antibody), and compared that to alkaline phosphatase (AP) and collagen synthesis formed in culture over a 4-week period in control and dexamethasone-supplemented mineralizing media. In control media, the percentage of BMP-2-positive stromal cells (BMP-2+) increased from 12 to 25% within the first 4 days of culture. In mineralizing media, the level of BMP-2+ cells was significantly increased (43–44%). The intensity of immunostaining gradually increased with time. The levels of AP were undetectable at 1 week in both control and mineralizing media, but increased gradually over the next 2 weeks and peaked at 3 weeks. ALP levels were significantly greater in cultures grown in mineralizing medium (P 〈 0.05 at 3 weeks, P 〈 0.01 at 4 weeks). Collagen synthesis peaked and was significantly greater at 3 weeks (P 〈 0.05) in cultures grown in mineralizing medium. The levels of AP and collagen synthesis most closely reflected the changes in the percentage of BMP-2+ cells from 7 to 28 days. Though these changes may reflect a primary action of BMP-2 on marrow osteoprogenitor-like stromal cells, they do not exclude a mechanism that involves the induction of other members of the BMP family known to stimulate AP and collagen synthesis. We conclude that BMP-2 expression in cultures of fibroblast-like marrow stromal cells is enhanced when those cells are induced to become osteoblasts by exposure to dexamethasone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 24 (1968), S. 363-364 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Nous avons administré du soufre radioactif par voie i.p. à des souris, chaque groupe recevant l'injection à un moment différent de la journée (intervalle de 3 h entre les injections à 2 groupes successifs). L'analyse microdensitométrique d'autoradiographies du traceur dans les cartilages de conjugaison (fémurs, tibias) 24 h après l'injection a démontré que la rétention était la plus grande chez les souris qui avaient reçu l'injection entre 15 et 18 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 1210-1211 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Sur les cartilages de conjugaison de souris adulte, on a mesuré par une méthode histologique l'effet de grandes doses de rayonnements béta de90Sr-90Y appliquées à 68 rads/h pendants 11–16 h. Après l'irradiation, les changements d'épaisseur du cartilage ont suggeré un modèle de dommages et de récupération qui ressembla à une réponse adaptive aux expositions unique de l'X-irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 826-828 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 20 (1964), S. 137-138 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Du radio-soufre a été administré intraveineusement à des rats à 09.00 h et à d'autres à 21.00 h, et ils ont été sacrifiés 2–3, 4, 8 et 12 h après l'injection. L'analyse microdensitométrique d'autoradiographies des fémurs a indiqué que la concentration et la rétention du traceur dans le cartilage de conjugaison étaient plus grandes dans les rats traités à 09.00 h. Les tissus non-cartilagineux n'ont pas montré de changements pareils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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