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  • 1
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The elucidation of molecular alterations that occur during human breast cancer progression may contribute to the development of preventative strategies. Using in situ hybridizations on a cohort of 94 biopsy lesions, quantitatively increased cyclin D mRNA expression levels were observed in only ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Transgenic mice ; Cytotoxic T cell ; Tolerance ; Adoptive therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to develop immunotherapy strategies that are based on eliciting immune responsiveness to the self-antigen, human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), we examined whether cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity against CEA could be elicited in CEA-transgenic and nontransgenic mice. CEA-transgenic [C57BL/6-TGN(CEAGe)18FJP] and nontransgenic mice were primed with CEA-transfected syngeneic fibroblasts in combination with Corynebacterium parvum. Spleen cells from immunized mice were cultured with irradiated syngeneic MC-38 colon carcinoma cells transfected with CEA (MC-38.CEA) as stimulators prior to the measurement of CTL activity. Primed nontransgenic spleen cells showed augmented CTL activity against MC-38.CEA cells as compared with control parental MC-38 cells, nontransfected or transfected with vector only. Moreover, primed CEA transgenic spleen cells showed augmented CTL activity against MC-38.CEA cells that was similar to that observed in nontransgenic mice. All CTL clones derived from either transgenic or nontransgenic mice showed cross-reactivity with MC-38 cells expressing the CEA-related antigen, nonspecific cross-reacting antigen, but not biliary glycoprotein. CEA-specific CTL clones were not identified. Adoptive transfer of cloned CTL resulted in inhibition of MC-38.CEA but not MC-38.BGP tumor growth. Tumor cures were elicited in mice treated with a combination of cloned CTL and cyclophosphamide. Histopathological examination of CEA-expressing colons from either immunized mice or recipients of cloned CTL did not reveal any autoimmune reactions. These studies demonstrate that CTL recognizing cross-reactive class I epitopes on the CEA molecule can be induced in transgenic mice. The expression of these epitopes on tumor cells creates effective targets for CTL in vivo without inducing adverse reactions in CEA-expressing normal tissues. Since anti-CEA CTL have been generated in humans, CEA-transgenic mice may be a useful model to study vaccines that are based on CTL effector mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 51 (1998), S. 195-208 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; prognosis ; histology ; tumor type ; tumor grade ; pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diagnosis coupled with prognostication is the challenge for and charge of the pathologist. In this time of rapidly developing basic knowledge and increasing sophistication in the evaluation of prognostic information, there has also been an important re- evaluation of the validity, reliability, and relevance of classic histopathology. Also, the precision of and criteria for evaluating tumor size and status of regional lymph nodes is under study. Our emphasis in this review is tissue pathology and further, its practical relevance to patient management. Histopathology remains the basis of diagnosis universally; the addition of other elements will increase precision of prediction, particularly of responsiveness to individual therapies. Histologic grade may be integrated to substratify high and low stage cases into prognostically more useful subsets. Histologic types also interact with size and nodal status to predict patients with excellent prognosis. Further refinement of these parameters may occur by analysis within clinical, pathologic, or therapeutic subsets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia 5 (2000), S. 341-349 
    ISSN: 1573-7039
    Keywords: Premalignancy ; risk ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Premalignant breast disease in humans is a concept that admits to a broad range of elements and possible determinants predicting the likelihood of developing breast cancer. Most of these elements are relative, such as the risk of breast cancer for women that is 130 times that of men and peaks at a younger age by about 10 years. Breast cancer is clearly a stochastic, multifactorial process that evolves over many years in which we must make predictions by likelihood. This review will present the most specially defined and reliably proven of these elements, highlighting anatomic and molecular factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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