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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 7 (1968), S. 1236-1238 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 30 (1985), S. 477-479 
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 33 (1988), S. 448-450 
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of purified mouse serum amyloid P-component (SAP) treatment of mouse alveolar macrophages (AMs) on their uptake of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman was investigated, in vitro. SAP (0.5–50.0 µg/ml), in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited the M. tuberculosis uptake by the AMs; maximum inhibition (33.43%) occurred at 10.0 µg/ml. The inhibition of uptake could be observed as early as 30 min after the incubation of AMs with 10.0 µg/ml SAP; however, an incubation of 60 min induced maximum inhibition beyond which the response became static. The SAP-mediated decreased uptake of M. tuberculosis also resulted in their reduced intramacrophage growth as determined by colony-forming unit counts. SAP inhibited the uptake of mycobacteria in the presence of Ca2+, and at pH = 5.6, the inhibition was abrogated. Deglycosylation of purified SAP with N-glycanase, and not with O-glycanase, blocked the SAP-mediated inhibition of the uptake. Heat-inactivated (80 °C; 1 h; pH 7.0) SAP did not inhibit the uptake of M. tuberculosis by AMs. These data, apparently for the first time, indicate that purified mouse SAP, in a divalent cation- and N-linked oligosaccharide glycosylation-dependent manner, inhibited the in vitro uptake of M. tuberculosis Erdman by mouse AMs, which was also associated with their reduced intracellular growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Purified mouse serum amyloid P-component (SAP; 0.5-50 µg/kg), injected intravenously into Swiss mice, induced the production of serum colony-stimulating factors (CSFs); the maximum induction was observed at 10.0 µg/kg. Further, in vitro purified mouse SAP (0.1-50 µg/ml) stimulated the mouse elicited peritoneal macrophages to elaborate CSFs in the conditioned medium (CM); 5.0 µg/ml SAP appeared to be the optimum. Both in vivo and in vitro the maximum production of CSFs occurred 6 h after initiation of stimulation, and returned to the background levels by 48 h. Mannose 6-P, mannose 1-P and mannose, and not other sugars inhibited the SAP-induced production of CSFs by macrophages which suggests that SAP interaction with macrophages was mediated by specific glycoprotein-receptors. A neutralizing (100%) concentration of rabbit antimouse interleukin (IL)-1 polyclonal antibody had no effect on the SAP-induced CSF production, indicating that it would be IL-1-independent. SAP-induced CSFs, both in serum and CM, were functionally similar as they supported the formation of granulocyte (G), macrophage (M) and GM colonies in similar proportions. The production of CSFs appeared to be lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-independent as it was not inhibited by polymyxin B sulfate (25.0 µg/ml), and heat-inactivated (80 °C, 1 h, pH 7.0) SAP did not induce the production of CSFs. The CSFs were produced de novo because cylcoheximide (50.0 µg/ml) completely inhibited their production. These results demonstrate that purified mouse SAP, in a dose-dependent manner, can induce the production of serum CSFs in mice, and can induce LPS-independent de novo production of CSFs by elicited macrophages in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Trichogramma brasiliensis ; cypermethrin ; endosulfan ; fenitrothion ; monocrotophos ; permethrin ; phenthoate ; phosalone ; quinalphos ; Trichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead ; cyperméthrine ; endosulfan ; fenitrothion ; fenvelarate ; monocrotophos ; perméthrine ; phenthoate ; phosalone ; quinalphos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'effet de 9 insecticides recommandés dans la lutte contre les vers de la capsule du cotonnier a été étudié en laboratoire sur l'émergence deTrichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead des œufs parasités deCorcyra cephalonica d'âges variés. Les concentrations testées étaient identiques à celles préconisées dans la pratique (phenthoate 0.14%, phosalone 0,15%, endosulfan 0,25%, perméthrine 0,014% monocrotophos 0,13%, fenvalerate 0,014%, cypermethrine 0,014%, fenitrothion 0,30% et quinalphos 0,14%. Le quinalphos et le fenitrothion inhibaient totalement l'émergence du parasitoïde quel que soit l'âge des œufs hôtes parasités. Mais en général l'action des insecticides sur l'émergence décroissait avec le vieillissement des œufs parasités. Pour des œufs hôtes parasités âgés d'un jour, le pourcentage d'émergence deT. brasiliensis varie de 33 à 57 p. 100 pour les 7 produits restants. Pour des œufs-hôtes parasités âgés de 7 jours, il n'y a pas de différence entre les témoins et ceux traités par l'endosulfan, la phosalone et le phenthoate. Cependant, 46 à 59 p. 100 des œufs traités par la perméthrine, le monocrotophos et la cyperméthrine ne donnent lieu à aucune émergence. Le traitement au fenvalerate supprime aussi d'une manière significative l'émergence, mais comparativement à un niveau plus bas (40 p. 100). Des 9 insecticides essayés, la phosalone et le fenvalerate ont été considérés comme relativement sans effet vis-à-vis deT. brasiliensis.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of 9 insecticides recommended for the control of cotton bollworms was studied, under laboratory conditions, on the emergence ofTrichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead from the parasitized eggs ofCorcyra cephalonica (Stainton) of different age groups. The insecticide concentrations tested were equivalent to those recommended for field application viz. phenthoate 0.14%, phosalone 0.15%, endosulfan 0.25%, permethrin 0.014%, monocrotophos 0.13%, fenvalerate 0.014%, cypermethrin 0.014%, fenitrothion 0.30% and quinalphos 0.14%, quinalphos and fenitrothion caused complete inhibition of emergence of the parasitoid from parasitized host eggs of all ages (1 to 7 days); but in general, adverse effect of insecticides on the disruption of emergence decreased with the advancement in the age of the parasitized eggs. For 1 day old parasitized host eggs, emergence ofT. brasiliensis adults varied from 33 to 57% for the remaining 7 treatments. For the 7 days old parasitized host eggs, emergence of parasitoids from the treatments with endosulfan, phosalone and phenthoate was similar to that from control. However, 46 to 59% inhibition of emergence was observed for permethrin, monocrotophos and cypermethrin. Fenvalerate treatment also significantly inhibited the emergence but at a comparatively lower level (40%). Out of 9 insecticides tested, phosalone and fenvalerate were considered to be relatively safe toT. brasiliensis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 56 (1978), S. 309-316 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cannabis ; Copper ; Interactions ; Hypothermia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The action of copper (CuSO4, 5mg/kg, oral) on selected neuropharmacological actions of cannabis resin (CI, oral) was studied on albino rats and mice. Copper potentiated the barbiturate hypnosispotentiating activity of CI in albino rats and mice and had no effect on hypothermic activity in albino rats. Single doses of copper partially inhibited tolerance to barbiturate hypnosis-potentiation activity and markedly delayed the development of tolerance to hypothermic activity of CI. Oral as well as i.c.v. copper (CuSO4, 0.1 μg) in single dose antagonised the tolerance to hypothermic activity of cannabis or THC for to two weeks. Copper-CI interaction could be antagonised by penicillamine. Zinc (ZnSO4, 5 mg/kg, oral) had an action similar to that of copper in antagonising the development of tolerance to the hypothermic activity of CI, but magnesium (MgSO4, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) was devoid of any such action. Studies indicate that, although copper has no significant neuropharmacological action, it interacts with CI activity, especially in tolerant rats, in effects on hypothermia. The site of action of copper is possibly the hypothalamus, where it inhibits the processes of tolerance development to CI on the noradrenergic neurone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Urological research 15 (1987), S. 105-108 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Sodium ; Inhibitory activity ; Oxalates ; Phosphates ; Calcium ; Calculi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary the effect of changes in urinary sodium, induced by dietary manipulation in normal subjects (NS) and in stone formers (SF) was studied by observing crytalluria qualitatively and by determining calcium, oxalate and phosphate crystallization quantitatively in an experimental model. In SF the calcium crystallization was significantly higher than in NS at all the three levels of urinary sodium studied. However, no difference was observed in oxalate and phosphate crystallization rates between these two groups. Calcium and oxalate (p〈 0.05) and oxalate and phosphate (p〈 0.001) were found to be correlated in NS but were non-significant in SF. The wide changes in the urinary sodium induced by dietary changes did not influence the crystallization rate of calcium, nor of oxalate and phosphate in NS as well as in SF. The results suggested that a sodium intake with lower and upper limits of 124 mg and 6,009 mg respectively did not act as “inhibitor” of crystallization rate nor did it induce hypercalciuria severe enough to pose a “risk” of stone formation. The results did not suggest that a high urinary sodium increases the solubility of calcium phosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Recurrent stone formers ; Renal tubular acidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty-five patients with recurrent renal stone were examined for distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) defects by acid challenge test (150 mg ammonium chloride/kg body weight). Their 24-h urine samples were analysed for creatinine, calcium, oxalic acid, inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, magnesium and citric acid. One-hour urine samples before acid load and hourly samples for the 7 h following acid challenge test were collected and analysed for creatinine, calcium, citric acid, inorganic phosphorus, titratable acidity, and ammonium. The incidence of distal RTA defect was 22.2% in the patients examined. The major biochemical characteristics in RTA patients compared with patients without RTA were: (a) significantly higher urinary pH, (b) significantly lower excretion of citric acid, (c) no significant difference in calcium excretion and (d) a tendency toward lower titratable acidity and ammonium excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Hyperoxaluria ; Nephrolithiasis ; Diet ; Hypercalciuric ; Tribal population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The nutrient intake of 69 stone formers (SFs) from three subsets of the local population (urban 22, rural tribal 22 and rural nontribal 25) and 69 age, sex, weight and socioeconomically matched control subjects (NSs) (urban 20, rural tribal 22 and rural nontribal 27) was studied. Simultaneously their timed 24-h urine samples collected over a similar period were analyzed. In general caloric and protein intake was low in all the groups but was strikingly low in the rural subjects. Intake of all nutrients was lowest in the tribal group. Although no difference was observed in diet between NSs and SFs in the same population subjects, SFs had higher urinary excretion of oxalic acid and calcium and lower excretion of citric acid and excreted more saturated urine. Notably magnesium intake was normal in both NSs and SFs, but mean excretion of magnesium was lower than normal in all the groups, suggesting its defective absorption. The influence of dietary intake of protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, calcium and oxalic acid on urinary excretion of calcium, oxalic acid, uric acid, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium and citric acid was examined using the chi-square test. No association was observed, thus suggesting that this low nutrient intake did not influence the lithogenic process. Thus, the overall observations suggest: (a) poor nutrition, (b) no effect of diet on urinary stone disease, (c) no difference in the nutrient intake between NSs and SFs and (d) a higher excretion of promoters and a lower excretion of inhibitors in SFs than in NSs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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