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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparing Thai and US businesspeople: Perceived intensity of unethical marketing practices, corporate ethical values, and perceived importance of ethics (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 22 (2005), S. 562-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine differences in the ethical decision-making processes of Thai and American businesspeople, considering perceived moral intensity, corporate ethical values (CEV), and perceived importance of ethics. Design/methodology/approach - Survey respondents were professional marketers in Thailand (n=605) and US (n=453). Results were analyzed using MANOVA and ANOVA. Scales have been used previously in the literature, so we report reliability. Findings - American managers were more likely to perceive the unethical marketing behaviors to be more serious. American organizations were found to have higher CEV than Thai organizations. The results revealed no differences between the two groups of businesspeople, however, on their perceptions about the importance of ethics. Research limitations/implications - Limitations inherent in this research include the initial development of the development of the measurements in the US and some notable demographic differences between the samples. Practical implications - As investment becomes more globalized, it is imperative that mangers understand that differing ethical perceptions can be a critical factor in working together successfully, and are occasionally an absolute limitations to establishing operations in a particular country. Originality/value - The study should be especially useful to people who manage businesses in these two countries, but many of the implications will be valuable to anyone in international business situations, in dealing with differences in ethical perception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330510624390
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some important factors underlying ethical decisions of Middle-Eastern marketers (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 21 (2004), S. 53-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study analyzes the marketing ethics decision-making process of Middle-Eastern marketers. In particular, it examines the relative influences of ethical perceptions, perceived importance of ethics, and age on ethical intentions of marketers in the Middle East. A self-administered questionnaire was used as the data collection technique for this study. Perception of ethical problem and ethical intention were operationalized by means of two marketing ethics scenarios. Age of respondents was measured directly and perceived importance of ethics was measured by a scale that has been used a number of times in the literature. Convenience samples of marketers from three Middle-Eastern countries, Egypt, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, were used in this study. The survey results generally indicate that a perceived ethical problem is a positive factor of a Middle-Eastern marketer's ethical intention, as hypothesized. The results also support the hypothesis regarding the influence of perceived importance of ethics, that Middle-Eastern marketers who perceive ethics to be important are more likely to have an ethical intention than Middle-Eastern marketers who do not perceive ethics to be important. The research hypothesis regarding the influence of age, however, is not supported. Implications of the findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330410522916
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importers' relationships with exporters: does culture matter? (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 21 (2004), S. 447-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A model is presented that explains how importers' perceptions of five aspects of their relationship with an exporter (trust, dependence, cooperation, satisfaction, and commitment) are related at any point in time. The structure-conduct-outcomes and relationship marketing literature in distribution channels provides the theoretical background for the model. Specifically, this study investigates whether a model based on studies carried out mainly in the US and in a Western setting applies in the Eastern setting of Korea. Further, whether differences exist in the relationship structures of importers when the exporters are from a similar cultures as opposed to dissimilar cultures is investigated. Results based on data from 198 Korean importers indicate that the model is supported. However, there are no differences in the relationship structures between exporters from similar and dissimilar cultures. Managerial implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research are also offered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330410547135
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selected antecedents and components of ethical decision-making processes of American and South African marketers - A cross-cultural analysis (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 16 (1999), S. 458-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Compares the personal ethical ideologies of idealism and relativism of American marketers with their South African counterparts. The perceptions of ethical problems, ethical intentions, and coporate ethical values of the parties are also contrasted. The findings indicate that South Africans were more idealistic and less relativistic than their American counterparts. The hypotheses that there will be no differences between South African and American marketers in terms of their ethical perceptions and intentions were not supported. The results generally indicate that South African marketers are more likely to perceive ethical problems than American marketers. However, the survey results revealed that South African marketers tend to be less ethical in their intentions to resolve an ethical problem than their American counterparts. Corporate citizens of South African firms were found to have slightly higher corporate ethical values than their American counterparts, as hypothesized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651339910300440
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Personal and professional values underlying ethical decisions: a comparison of American and Thai marketers (1995)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 12 (1995), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Cultural differences in moral judgements are generally recognizedby marketing ethicists. Attempts to investigate the issue ofcross-cultural ethical differences by comparing US marketers and Thaimarketers with respect to their professional and personal values. Aself-administered questionnaire was used as the data collectiontechnique. Results indicate that US marketers are significantlydifferent from Thai marketers based on the combination of professionaland personal values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651339510097748
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consumer ethics: an application and empirical testing of the Hunt-Vitell theory of ethics (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of consumer marketing 18 (2001), S. 153-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-3761
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Analyzes how consumers make decisions involving ethical issues. In particular, investigates the extent to which consumers rely on ethical norms (deontology) versus the perceived consequences of behaviors (teleology) in forming their ethical judgments and in determining behavioral intentions in situations involving ethical issues. The results based upon three studies, including a national sample of adult consumers, reveal that consumers tend to rely primarily on ethical norms and less on perceived consequences in forming ethical judgments. Results also indicate that consumers, to a large degree, rely primarily on ethical norms in determining their behavioral intentions in situations involving ethical issues. Finally, a number of personal characteristics were tested as moderating variables, but results were generally inconclusive, despite some evidence that education and religiosity may be moderators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760110386018
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How important are ethics and social responsibility? - A multinational study of marketing professionals (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    European journal of marketing 35 (2001), S. 133-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0309-0566
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that in the present era of global marketing, as more companies enter international markets, ethical problems are likely to increase. As companies and their managers deal with their counterparts in different countries, there is a need to understand the latter's ethical decision-making processes. Divergence in ethical behavior and attitudes of marketing professionals across cultures can be explained by, among other variables, differences in perceptions regarding the importance of ethics and social responsibility in achieving organizational effectiveness. This study investigates the variation in those perceptions among marketing professionals from Australia, Malaysia, South Africa, and the USA. The variation is explained by country differences (cultural differences, differences in the economic environment, and differences in legal/political environment), organizational ethical climate, and selected demographic characteristics of the marketer (gender and age).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560110363382
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moral philosophies of marketing managers: A comparison of American, Australian, and Malaysian cultures (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    European journal of marketing 36 (2002), S. 768-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0309-0566
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A recent article pointed out that "past research has paid relatively little attention to the sources of individuals' moral philosophies from either a conceptual or an empirical standpoint" and investigated the determinants of idealism and relativism among American marketers. A literature review indicates that there is even less theoretical and empirical cross-cultural investigation of moral philosophies. As more and more companies are expanding into foreign markets, problems related to cross-national ethics and social responsibility are becoming increasingly prevalent. Therefore, this study proposes a framework explaining the differences in the idealism and relativism of American, Malaysian, and Australian marketers based on: country differences (cultural differences and differences in economic and legal/political environment); corporate ethical values; and gender and age of the marketer. Results indicate that there are differences in the level of idealism and relativism exhibited by marketers from the three countries. Irrespective of country, corporate ethical values are positively related to the idealism and negatively related to the relativism of marketers. Also, irrespective of country, women are more idealistic than men, and relativism increases with age. Implications are offered and avenues for future research suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560210430791
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
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    The Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility in Achieving Organizational Effectiveness: Students Versus Managers (1991)
    Dordrecht : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Business Ethics. 10:9 (1991:Sept.) 679 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4544
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:m089-1991-010-09-000003
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
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    Ethical Perceptions of Marketers: The Interaction Effects of Machiavellianism and Organizational Ethical Culture (1993)
    Dordrecht : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Business Ethics. 12:5 (1993:May) 407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4544
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:m089-1993-012-05-000008
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