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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LEAF DEVELOPMENT IN ANGIOSPERMS (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50 (1999), S. 419-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Leaves are produced in succession on the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of a plant. The three landmark stages in leaf morphogenesis include initiation, acquisition of suborgan identities, and tissue differentiation. The expression of various genes relative to these steps in leaf morphogenesis is described. KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOX) genes, FLO/LFY, and floral homeotic genes may be involved in generation of leaf shape and complexity. The differences between compound leaves and simple leaves in gene expression characteristics and morphogenetic patterns are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.419
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expression domain of PHANTASTICA determines leaflet placement in compound leaves (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 424 (2003), S. 438-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Diverse leaf forms in nature can be categorized as simple or compound. Simple leaves, such as those of petunia, have a single unit of blade, whereas compound leaves, such as those of tomato, have several units of blades called leaflets. Compound leaves can be pinnate, with leaflets arranged in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01820
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The developmental gene Knotted-1 is a member of a maize homeobox gene family (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 350 (1991), S. 241-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have isolated complementary DNAs of the Knl locus from maize seedling RNA using genomic DNA that was pre-viously cloned by transposon tagging5. Reversion analysis had indicated that these sequences are closely associated with the Knl gene5'6. The sequence of the Knl transcript (Fig. 1) was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/350241a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fused organs in the adherent1 mutation in maize show altered epidermal walls with no perturbations in tissue identities (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 206 (1998), S. 184-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:adherent1 ; Cell wall ; Epicuticular wax ; Zea (ad1 mutation)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. In the absence of wounding, the epidermis is only rarely involved in cell or organ fusion events; in fact, intact epidermal layers prevent graft unions. In Zea mays L. the mutation adherent1 (ad1) shows abnormal fusions between cells and organs. Fusions involve epidermal cells of vegetative and floral organs and occur early in the ontogeny of organs. Even so, epidermal cell types differentiate normally in the fused regions and internal tissue identities are maintained. In contrast, the extracellular matrix (cell wall and cuticle) of the epidermal cells is perturbed. Epidermal cell walls in adherent leaves are thicker than normal. Epicuticular wax particles appear reduced in size and number and altered in shape in mutant leaves. In addition, the outer epidermal cell walls of adherent leaves fluoresce when stained with aniline blue, a reagent that binds to callose. Immunolocalizations to specific cell wall epitopes suggest that pectins but not arabinogalactans may have a role in the fusion events. Taken together, these results suggest that the ad1 mutation results in cell-wall and epicuticular-wax defects similar to responses seen in wounding, pollination by incompatible pollen, or pathogen attack. Since cell wall components and epicuticular waxes are extracellular secreted products, the ad1 mutation may disrupt normal functioning and/or composition of the secretory pathway and its cargo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050390
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of two knotted-like homeobox genes from tomato (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 36 (1998), S. 417-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Homeobox genes are known to play a role in developmental regulation. The knotted-like homeobox (knox) genes fall into two classes. The class I knox genes like kn1, stm1, and knat1 are involved in maintaining meristem identity in cells. The function of class II knox genes is at yet undetermined. We have characterized two knox genes from tomato. LeT6 and LeT12 map to distinct chromosome locations that are different from the location for a recently cloned knox gene from tomato, tkn1, confirming that plant homeobox genes are not clustered on chromosomes. These genes have a distinct expression pattern. Unlike other class I kn1-like genes, LeT6 is expressed in developing lateral organs and developing ovaries in flowers. LeT12 is more ubiquitously expressed in the mature plant. RNA in situ localization data suggest that both these genes may have a role to play in formative events in ovule and embryo morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005925508579
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Knotted leaf blade is a mosaic of blade, sheath, and auricle identities (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 15 (1994), S. 401-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Mosaic of cell identities ; knotted leaf ; homeobox gene ; cell fates ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The dominant Knotted-1 mutations in maize alter development of the leaf blade. Sporadic patches of localized growth, or knots, and fringes of ectopic ligule occur along lateral veins of mutant leaf blades. In addition, bundle sheaths do not completely encircle lateral veins on mutant leaf blades. We have compared mutant leaf blades with wild-type leaves to determine the precise nature of the perturbed regions. Our analysis includes characterization of epidermal cell shapes, localization of photosynthetic proteins and histology of the leaf. We show that mutant leaf blades are a mosaic of leaf organ components. Affected regions of mutant leaf blades resemble either sheath or auricle tissue in both external and internal features. This conversion of blade cells represents an acropetal shift of more basal parts of the leaf blade region and correlates with previously identified ectopic expression of the Knotted-1 protein in the leaf blade. We propose that inappropriate expression of Kn1 interferes with the process of establishment of cell identities, resulting in early termination of the normal blade development program or precocious expression of the sheath and auricle development programs. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020150503
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maize mutants and variants altering developmental time and their heterochronic interactions (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 14 (1992), S. 227-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: It is useful to envision two fundamentally different ways by which the timing of plant development is regulated: developmental stage-transition mechanisms and time-to-flowering mechanisms. The existence of both mechanisms is indicated by the behavior of various mutants. Shoot stage transitions are defined by dominant mutants representing at least four different genes; each mutant retards transitions from juvenile shoot stages to more adult shoot stages. In addition, dominant leaf stage-transition mutants in at least seven different genes have similar phenotypes, but the leaf rather than the shoot is the. focus (and at least two of these genes encode domain proteins.) One mutant, Hairy sheath frayed 1-0 (Hsf1-O) simultaneously affects shoot and leaf; this mutant's behavior initiated our interest in plant heterochronism(1). The second type of timekeeping involves time-to-flowering. As with most plant but not animals species, cultivars of the maize species vary greatly for the time-to-flowering quantitative trait: between 6 and 14 weeks is common. It is via the 'slipping time frames' interaction that takes place between stage-transition mutants and time-to-flowering genetic back-grounds that unexpected and radical phenotypes occur. We see a reservoir of previously unsuspected morphological possibilities among the few heterochronic genotypes we have constructed, possibilities that may mimic the sort of variation needed to fuel macroevolution without having to posit (as done by Goldschmidt(2)) any special macromutational mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950140405
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