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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C/12C ratios of aragonite from fruit ofCeltis laevigata willd (1971)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 58 (1971), S. 365-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00602802
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon isotope ratios and crop analyses of Arphia (Orthoptera: Acrididae) species in southeastern Wyoming Grassland (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 45 (1980), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Food habits of Arphia conspersa Scudder and Arphia pseudonietana (Thomas) were studied along an altitudinal transect in southeastern Wyoming shortgrass mixed prairie. Stable carbon isotope ratios indicated that diets were significantly different between study sites, between species, and between sexes. These differences were found to be primarily related to the availability of different food plants along the transect, although species with the C3 pathway of photosynthesis were consumed in greater proportion than their availability in the habitat. The preference for C3 species is presumably related to their higher nutritional value and digestibility, in spite of the fact that more time and energy must be spent to locate these food plants in some of the habitats studied. This study demonstrates the utility of the carbon isotope method in studying plant-animal interactions in habitats containing both C3 and C4 plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540196
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of biomass of species differing in photosynthetic pathway along an altitudinal transect in southeastern wyoming grassland (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 45 (1980), S. 287-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Based on the physiological characteristics and responses of C3, C4, and CAM plants to environmental factors, it is generally predicted that C4 and CAM plants will become more abundant with increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation. To test this prediction, the relative contribution of each photosynthetic type to total plant community biomass was examined at seven study areas along an altitudinal transect in southeastern Wyoming grassland. In going from high (2,652 m) to low (1,405 m) elevation along this transect, mean annual temperature increased and annual precipitation decreased. The percentage of C4 biomass composing each study area decreased with increasing elevation, while the percentage of C3 biomass increased. All elevations had a significantly higher percentage of C4 biomass in August than in June, reflecting the warm season growth characteristic of C4 plants. Regressions of relative abundance of photosynthetic types on climatic variables showed that both mean annual temperature and annual precipitation were equally reliable as predictors of C3−C4 biomass, although we feel that temperature is of primary importance in explaining our observations. CAM species were present at all elevations, but showed no trends in biomass distribution with respect to elevation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540195
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect herbivory on C3 and C4 grasses (1978)
    Springer
    Oecologia 36 (1978), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This study tested the hypothesis that grasses with the C4 photosynthetic pathway are avoided as a food source by insect herbivores in natural communities. Insects were sampled from ten pairs of C3−C4 grasses and their distributions analyzed by paired comparisons tests. Results showed no statistically significant differences in herbivore utilization of C3−C4 species. However, there was a trend towards heavier utilization of C3 species when means for both plant groups were compared. In particular, Homoptera and Diptera showed heavier usage of C3 plants. Significant correlations between insect abundances and plant protein levels suggest that herbivores respond to the higher protein content of C3 grasses. δ13C values for six of the most common grasshopper species in the study area indicated that three species fed on C3 plants, two species fed on C4 plants, and one species consumed a mixture of C3 and C4 tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344568
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A respiration based description of plant growth rate responses to temperature (1997)
    Springer
    Planta 201 (1997), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Brassica (temperature stress) ; Growth rate ; Lycopersicon (temperature stress) ; Respiration ; Temperature coefficient ; Temperature stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  The temperature dependence of metabolic rates determines how plant growth rates vary with temperature. This paper shows that equations on physiological relations between respiration rates (i.e. rates of heat loss and CO2 evolution) and growth rates can be used to describe temperature effects on plant growth rate. Incorporating measured values of plant respiratory heat and CO2 rates at a few temperatures into the equations allows description of growth rates as a function of temperature and provides a physiological basis for understanding the effects of temperature on growth rate. The paper presents data on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller cv. Ace) as model cool-climate and warm-climate cultivars to illustrate application of the methods in determining optimal growth climates for different cultivars, accessions, and ecotypes. The respiration-based calculations of growth rate vs. temperature yield curves for both species that are consistent with known temperature-growth requirements. We conclude that plant responses to temperature can be accurately predicted in detail from respiration rate measurements and the growth-respiration model. These studies demonstrate that the temperature dependence of growth rates is a function of the temperature dependencies of both metabolic rates and metabolic efficiency, which change continuously with temperature. The ultimate cause of high- and low-temperature growth limits is commonly not membrane phase transitions or enzyme denaturation as has been supposed, but is loss of substrate carbon conversion efficiency. The results show that “plant temperature stress” has been misunderstood and must be redefined because there is no “nonstressfull temperature”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050087
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on the amylolytic breakdown of some raw algal starches (1962)
    Springer
    Planta 57 (1962), S. 624-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary With the aid of 5 different amylases (bacterial a.,Cryptochiton a., malt a., pancreatic a. and salivary a.), an optical and biochemical study was made of the amylolytic breakdown of 8 raw algal starches. The latter were obtained from the red algaeConstantinea, Laurencia, Plocamium andRhodymenia and from the green algaeCodium, Hydrodictyon, Spirogyra andUlva. Starches fromCanna, potato, wheat and the mossMnium affine were used as reference materials. Both the moss starch and the algal starches were more easily digestible than the higher plant starches. Depending on the particular amylase used, their order of vulnerability varied somewhat; however,Ulva starch proved to be the most easily digestible material in all cases. Optically, there was no essential difference between the breakdown of native floridean starch and that of native wheat starch; the concentric regularity of the granules as well as the pronounced organization in radial direction were brought out beautifully by the corrosion phenomena. The slight differences in vulnerability noted when florideau starches fromConstantinea, Plocamium andRhodymenia were compared may be attributable to a difference in particle size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01930344
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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