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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inducible ternary control of transgene expression and cell ablation in Drosophila (1996)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 206 (1996), S. 14-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Ricin ;  GAL4 ; FLP recombination ; Mushroom bodies ; Giant neuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In Drosophila, P-GAL4 enhancer trap lines can target expression of a cloned gene, under control of a UASGAL element, to any cells of interest. However, additional expression of GAL4 in other cells can produce unwanted lethality or side-effects, particularly when it drives expression of a toxic gene product. To target the toxic gene product ricin A chain specifically to adult neurons, we have superimposed a second layer of regulation on the GAL4 control. We have constructed flies in which an effector gene is separated from UASGAL by a polyadenylation site flanked by two FRT sites in the same orientation. A recombination event between the two FRT sites, catalysed by yeast FLP recombinase, brings the effector gene under control of UASGAL. Consequently, expression of the effector gene is turned on in that cell and its descendants, if they also express GAL4. Recombinase is supplied by heat shock induction of a FLP transgene, allowing both timing and frequency of recombination events to be regulated. Using a lacZ effector (reporter) to test the system, we have generated labelled clones in the embryonic mesoderm and shown that most recombination events occur soon after FLP recombinase is supplied. By substituting the ricin A chain gene for lacZ, we have performed mosaic cell ablations in one GAL4 line that marks the adult giant descending neurons, and in a second which marks mushroom body neurons. In a number of cases we observed loss of one or both the adult giant descending neurons, or of subsets of mushroom body neurons. In association with the mushroom body ablations, we also observed misrouting of surviving axons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050026
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sward management, lamina turnover and tiller population density in continuously stocked Lolium perenne-dominated swards (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 38 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Measurements of rates of growth and senescence of leaf lamina per tiller and of changes in tiller population densities were made in three experiments designed to investigate the influence of sward slate on leaf turnover and net production under continuous stocking.In each experiment initially uniform swards were fenced to provide four plots on which animal numbers were adjusted twice weekly to give a series of swards maintained as nearly as possible in a steady state with respect to sward surface height (range 1.1–6.4 cm) and herbage mass (range 440–2690 kg OM ha−1). Two experiments were carried out in July–September on vegetative swards and one in May–June on a reproductive sward. Measurements were begun 3–7 weeks after treatments were started and were repeated weekly during 3–4 week measurement periods.In all three experiments the rate of lamina growth per tiller increased linearly with an increase in sward surface height and herbage mass. In the two experiments conducted in July–August this relationship was partially offset by a linear increase in the rate of senescence per tiller but net production per tiller also increased linearly in relation to sward height and mass. In the experiment conducted in May–June the rates of growth and senescence per tiller increased in parallel so that net production per tiller showed no relationship with sward condition.Tiller population densities in the July–August experiments were highest in swards maintained between 2 and 3 cm surface height and declined in swards maintained above and below this height. In the experiment in May–June tiller numbers were similar in all treatments prior to the summer solstice but diverged in a manner similar to the other experiments later in the year.The rate of lamina growth per unit area increased in a manner consistent with an asymptotic relationship and the rate of senescence increased linearly with increasing sward height and mass in all three experiments. Net production per unit area was reduced on swards below about 2.5 cm in height but was insensitive to variation in sward surface height between 2.5 and 6.0 cm (approximately 1000–2500 kg OM ha−1 herbage mass).The effectiveness of adjustments in tiller numbers and production per tiller and of changes in the balance between growth and senescence as mechanisms of sward homeostatis, together with their implications in the scope for manipulating herbage production by grazing management are discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1983.tb01657.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study of Commercial Beechwood Creosote. (1917)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 9 (1917), S. 275-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50087a015
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of developmental myosin and morphological characteristics in adult rat skeletal muscle following exercise-induced injury (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 80 (1999), S. 84-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Muscle damage ; Regeneration ; Adaptation ; Isomyosin expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The extent and stability of the expression of developmental isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MHCd), and their association with cellular morphology, were determined in adult rat skeletal muscle fibres following injury induced by eccentrically-biased exercise. Adult female Wistar rats [274 (10) g] were either assigned as non-exercised controls or subjected to 30 min of treadmill exercise (grade, −16°; speed, 15 m · min−1), and then sacrificed following 1, 2, 4, 7, or 12 days of recovery (n = 5–6 per group). Histologically and immunohistologically stained serial, transverse cryosections of the soleus (S), vastus intermedius (VI), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were examined using light microscopy and digital imaging. Fibres staining positively for MHCd (MHCd+) were seldom detected in the TA. In the VI and S, higher proportions of MHCd+ fibres (0.8% and 2.5%, respectively) were observed in rats at 4 and 7 days post-exercise, in comparison to all other groups combined (0.2%, 1.2%; P ≤ 0.01). In S, MHCd+ fibres were observed less frequently by 12 days (0.7%) than at 7 days (2.6%) following exercise. The majority (85.1%) of the MHCd+ fibres had morphological characteristics indicative of either damage, degeneration, repair or regeneration. Most of the MHCd+ fibres also expressed adult slow, and/or fast myosin heavy chain. Quantitatively, the MHCd+ fibres were smaller (〈2500 μm2) and more angular than fibres not expressing MHCd. Thus, there was a transient increase in a small, but distinct population of MHCd+ fibres following unaccustomed, functional exercise in adult rat S and VI muscles. The observed close coupling of MHCd expression with morphological changes within muscle fibres suggests that these characteristics have a common, initial exercise-induced injury-related stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050562
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aerobic demand of backstroke swimming, and its relation to body size, stroke technique, and performance (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 58 (1988), S. 182-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Oxygen demand ; $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2}} {\text{max}}} } $$ ; Body size ; Performance ; Backstroke swimming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Few studies have examined the aerobic demand of backstroke swimming, and its relation to body morphology, technique, or performance. The aims of this study were thus to: i) describe the aerobic demand of backstroke swimming in proficient swimmers at high velocities; ii) assess the effects of body size and stroke technique on submaximal and maximal O2 costs, and; iii) test for a relationship between submaximal O2 costs and maximal performance. Sixteen male competitive swimmers were tested during backstroke swimming at velocities from 1.0 to 1.4 m · s−1. Results showed that $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ increased linearly with velocity (m · s−1) following the equation $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ =6.28v−3.81 (r=0.77, SEE/Y=14.9%). $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ was also related to the subjects' body mass, height, and armspan. Longer distances per stroke were associated with lower O2 costs, and better maximal performances. A significant relation was found between $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ at 1.1 m · s−1, adjusted for body mass, and 400 m performance (r=−0.78). Submaximal $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ was also related to reported times for 100 m and 200 m races. Multiple correlation analyses indicated that $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ at 1.1 m · s−1 and $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2}} {\text{max}}} } $$ accounted for up to 78% of the variance in maximal performances. These results suggest that the assessment of submaximal and maximal $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ during backstroke swimming may be of value in the training and testing programs of competitive swimmers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00636624
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamide-polyether copolymers: A new family of impact-resistant thermoplastics (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 2473-2482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new family of thermoplastic polyamide-polyether copolymers that display outstanding impact resistance and are especially useful as hot melt adhesives are described. These polymers are prepared by copolymerizationof polymerized fatty acid derivatives (dimer diamines) and poly(oxyalkylene) diamines with the typical polyamide monomers sebacic acid and piperazine. Impact resistance is apparently achieved through synergistic interaction between the dimer and the polyether portions of the polymers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070280802
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylic-functional aminocarboxylic acids and derivatives as components of pressure-sensitive adhesives (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 1551-1564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: High-performance thermoplastic pressure-sensitive adhesives have been prepared by copolymerization of N-acryloylamino acid and acid derivatives with long-chain alkyl acrylate esters. A comparative study with equivalent copolymers made from conventional polar comonomers and long-chain alkyl acrylate esters has shown that the N-acryloylamino acids and derivatives impart generally higher levels of tack, adhesion, and cohesion than their conventional counterparts.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240616
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azlactones as polymer components and intermediates (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 1781-1790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270529
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