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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triphasic finite element model for swelling porous media (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 1039-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: finite deformation ; Donnan osmosis ; mixture ; intervertebral disc ; hydrogel ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The equations describing the mechanical behaviour of intervertebral disc tissue and other swelling porous media are three coupled partial differential equations in which geometric and physical non-linearities occur. The boundary conditions are deformation-dependent. To solve the equations for an arbitrary geometry and arbitrary boundary conditions, we use the finite element (FE) method. The differential equations are rewritten in an integral form by means of the weighted residual method. The domain of the integral is defined via a set of shape functions (i.e. finite elements). By applying the Gauss theorem and rewriting with respect to the reference state (total Lagrange), non-linear equations are obtained. These are solved by means of the Newton-Raphson technique. In order to get a finite set of equations, the weighted residual equations are discretized. The shape functions are chose as weighting functions (Galerkin method). This discretization results in a non-symmetric stiffness matrix. A general description is given for the elements implemented into the commercial FE package DIANA (DIANA Analysis B.V., Delft, Netherlands). The numerical results of unconfined compression of a schematic intervertebral disc with varying proteoglycan concentration are given.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650200821
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid and ultra-sensitive GC/MS analyses with a microchannel plate array detector Part I: Possibilities of simultaneous ion detection in narrow-bore GC/MS (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 12 (1989), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Microbore capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ; Detection limits in scanning and non-scanning modes ; Microchannel plate array detector ; Ion counting vs. current amplification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Identification and detection limits for scanning and non-scanning mass spectrometers are discussed. It is theoretically deduced and experimentally confirmed that these limits are on the low pico-and femtogram levels, respectively, when using conventional secondary electron multiplier-amplifier systems. The sensitivity can be increased at least tenfold by pulse-counting techniques, instead of current amplification, provided the chemical noise is sufficiently low. The potential advantages of a detection system for simultaneous ion detection in a significant mass range, for obtaining complete mass spectra in fast GC/MS analyses, are demonstrated. A double focusing mass spectrometer was constructed, using the well-proven Mattauch-Herzog principles. By application of an “electronic photoplate”, substance identification in the low femtogram range on a millisecond time scale, so far only accessible for single ion monitoring techniques, is feasible.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240121004
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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