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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capnocytophaga: New genus of Gram-negative gliding bacteria. II. Morphology and ultrastructure (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Gliding bacteria ; CO2-requiring ; Periodontal disease ; Gram-negative ; Ultrastructure ; Capnocytophaga
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gram-negative, anaerobic gliding bacteria were isolated from normal supragingival plaque and from periodontal lesions. Isolates could be divided into two size classes: small 2.4–4.2 μm×0.38–0.5 μm and large 4.8–5.8 μm×0.42–0.6 μm cells. The outer membrane was either loose-fitting and wavy, or taut, and of variable thickness. An electron-dense fuzz was discernible on several of the isolates. The periplasmic region was of variable electron-density. The genus Capnocytophaga has been proposed for these organisms based on morphological and cultural characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408041
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capnocytophaga: New genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria I. General characteristics, taxonomic considerations and significance (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Capnocytophaga ; Gliding bacteria ; CO2-requiring ; Gram-negative ; Periodontal diseases ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of gliding bacteria isolated from both healthy and diseased sites in the oral cavity are, summarized and the taxonomic position of the bacteria discussed. Uniform attributes of the fusiform isolates include gliding motility, strictly fermentative metabolism dependent on the presence of CO2 (or HCO 3 - ), under either anaerobic or aerobic conditions, presence of benzidine-reactive components, and the production of acetic and succinic acids as the major or sole, acidic, metabolic and products. Given the guanine and cytosine content of DNA, their gliding motility, and the ability of many strains to attack polysaccharide a relationship to the cytophagas is suggested. This relationship, along with the CO2-dependent growth is recognized by the generic name Capnocytophaga given them. Many of the isolates are grouped into three species C. ochracea, C. Sputigena, and C. gingivalis, separated on the basis of morphological and physiological traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408040
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capnocytophaga: New genus of Gram-negative gliding bacteria. III. Physiological characterization (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Capnocytophaga ; Gliding bacteria ; CO2-requiring ; Gram-negative ; Periodontal diseases ; Physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sixty-eight strains of capnophilic fusiform Gram-negative rods from the human oral cavity were subjected to extensive physiologic characterization, tested for susceptibility to various antibiotics, and the mol-percent guanine plus cytosine of each isolate determined. The characteristics of the isolates were compared with 10 fresh and 2 stock isolates of Fusobacterium nucleatum. The isolates clearly differed from the Fusobacterium species on the basis of molpercent guanine plus cytosine, end products, growth in a capnophilic environment and fermentation of carbohydrates. All of the gliding isolates required CO2 and formed acetate and succinate, but not H2S, indole or acetylmethylcarbinol. All fermented glucose, sucrose, maltose and mannose. The organisms may be differentiated on the basis of fermentation of additional carbohydrates, hydrolysis of polymers and reduction of nitrate. Three species are proposed: Capnocytophaga ochracea, Capnocytophaga sputigena and Capnocytophaga gingivalis. Ten isolates did not fit into the proposed species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408042
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacteria of asymptomatic periradicular endodontic lesions identified by DNA-DNA hybridization (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Dental traumatology 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract – Possible inclusion of contaminant bacteria during surgery has been problematic in studies of periradicular lesions of endodontic origin. Therefore, in this study, two different surgical techniques were compared. A second problem is that some difficult to cultivate species may not be detected using bacteriological methods. Molecular techniques may resolve this problem. DNA-DNA hybridization technology has the additional advantage that DNA is not amplified. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if bacteria from periradicular endodontic lesions could be identified using DNA-DNA hybridization. A full thickness intrasulcular mucoperiosteal (IS) flap (n=20) or a submarginal (SM) flap (n=16) was reflected in patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. DNA was extracted and incubated with 40 digoxigenin-labeled whole genomic probes. Bacterial DNA was detected in all 36 lesions. Seven probes were negative for all lesions. In patients with sinus tract communication, in teeth lacking intact full coverage crowns, and in patients with a history of trauma, 4–13 probes provided positive signals. Seven probes were positive in lesions obtained by the IS, but not the SM technique. Two probes were in samples obtained with the SM technique, but not the IS. Only Bacteroides forsythus and Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 2 were present in large numbers using either the IS or the SM technique. The SM flap technique, in combination with DNA-DNA hybridization, appeared to provide excellent data pertaining to periradicular bacteria. These results supported other studies that provide evidence of a bacterial presence and persistence in periradicular lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2000.016005197.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local tetracycline delivery using hollow fiber devices in periodontal therapy (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 6 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The present investigation was performed to assess the effect of tetracycline, locally administered via hollow fiber devices, on the microflora of periodontal pockets in humans and on various clinical parameters describing periodontitis. Five patients with advanced periodontal disease were used in the study. Each patient had at least four pairs of contralateral teeth where approximally located pockets could be probed to 6 mm or more. The amount of supragingival plaque present on the tooth surface adjacent to the eight diseased sites was determined as well as the degree of gingival inflammation. Probing depths were recorded with a graduated probe. The clinical measurements were repeated 7, 14, 28, and 37 days following the start of treatment. From the eight pockets bacterial samples were collected from deep subgingival sites. The bacteria were examined in a dark-field microscope and categorized into the following groups: cocci and non-motile rods, filaments and fusiforms, motile and curved rods and spirochetes. The percentage distribution of the various forms was calculated. Following the initial examination the patients were given detailed instruction in proper oral hygiene techniques. Three of the diseased sites were treated by scaling and three by tetracycline application using the hollow fiber device. One pair of sites was used as untreated controls. On day 28 the three initially mechanically debrided sites were scaled anew and active fiber material inserted in the three contralateral sites.The experiments showed that it is possible by the use of tetracycline-filled hollow fiber devices to markedly change the composition of the subgingival flora of initially diseased periodontal sites. Locally delivered tetracycline proved effective in reducing or eliminating clinical symptoms of periodontal pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1979.tb02193.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodontal therapy by local delivery of tetracycline (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 6 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The present investigation assessed the feasibility of treating periodontal disease by controlled delivery of antibacterial agents from within periodontal pockets. Tetra-cycline-filled hollow fibers placed in the gingival sulcus were shown to have a dramatic effect both on the periodontal microflora and clinical manifestations of disease. Furthermore, it was found that drug-filled cellulose acetate hollow fibers are biologically compatible with the environment and can be manipulated by dental personnel to provide drug therapy with less than 1/1000 the amount of tetracycline that would have been used for systemic therapy.Of theoretical importance is the observation that virtual elimination of spirochetes from the gingival sulcus is possible by a single placement of tetracycline-filled hollow fibers, and spirochetes, ones eliminated from a site, do not rapidly recolonize despite the persistence of viable organisms elsewhere in the mouth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1979.tb02186.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to periodontal therapy in patients with high or low levels of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, R nigrescens and B. forsythus (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a previous study, subjects receiving either adjunctive tetracycline or Augmentin showed, on average, more attachment level gain 10 months post-therapy than subjects receiving either Ibuprofen or a placebo, although some subjects in each treatment group showed loss of attachment posttherapy. Since differences in treatment response might have been due to differences in the sub-gingival microbiota, the response to different therapies in subjects with different pretherapy subgmgival microbiotas was evaluated. 29 subjects exhibiting loss of attachment 〉2.5 mm at t or more sites during longitudinal monitoring were treated by modified Widman flap surgery at deep sites, subgingival scaling at all other sites and were randomly assigned one of the following agents: Augmentm. tetracycline. ibuprofen or a placebo. Treatment was completed within 30 days, during which time the subject took the assigned agent. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesial surface of each tooth a! each visit and evaluated for their content of 14 subgingival species including P. gingivalis. P. nigrescens. P. intermedia and B. forsythus using DNA probes. 18 subjects with mean counts 〉105 of 2 or more of these 4 species comprised the high test species group: 11 subjects with mean counts 〉105 of 0 or 1 of the species, the low lest species group. Because this was a post-hoc analysis, the number of subjects in some of the treatment/test species groups was small. However, the 8 high test species subjects who received tetracycline showed the most attachment level gain (G.83±0.20 mm), while the 3 tetracycline-treated. low test species subjects showed minimal gain (0.05±0.28 mm) 10 months post-therapy. Low test species subjects receiving Augmentin (n=2) showed a mean gain in attachment of 0.67 (±0.59) mm. The mean % of sites showing either attachment gain or loss ≥2 mm was computed for each treatment/test species group. High test species subjects receiving tetracycline exhibited the best ratio of gaining to losing sites (16.2), followed by low test species subjects receiving Augmentin (14.1). Periodontal pockets 〈7 mm pre-therapy in low test species subjects treated with Augmentin and high test species subjects treated with tetracycline showed attachment gain more frequently than attachment loss. The greatest proportion of gaining sites was seen at pockets 〉6 mm, particularly in subjects receiving adjunctive tetracycline. Overall, the data indicated that a gain in mean attachment level post-therapy was significantly associated (p〈0.001) with an increase in C. ochraceu accompanied by a decrease in B. forsythus, P. gingivalis. P. intermedia and P. nigrescens. The 4 test species were decreased more in subjects receiving tetracycline. In contrast, Augmentin appeared to be effective in decreasing the % sites colonized by A. actinomycetemcomitans and in increasing the proportion of sites colonized by C. ochracea. Knowledge of the baseline microbiota should improve the choice of an appropriate adjunctive antibiotic for periodontal therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00555.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sub gingival temperature (II). Relation to future periodontal attachment loss (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether sub gingival temperature was a risk indicator of periodontal attachment loss (detected in the following 2 months) in a subject or at a site. 29 subjects were measured at 6 sites per tooth for clinical parameters as well as sub gingival temperature using a periodontal temperature probe (PeriotempTM, ABIO-DENTSM, Danvers, MA). The same instrument was used to measure sublingual temperature in order to compute differences between sub gingival and sublingual temperature. Clinical and temperature parameters were measured at 2-month intervals. A total of 49 subject visits which had both baseline temperature and subsequent attachment level change measurements were available for analysis. Attachment level loss 〉2.5 mm occurred at 1 or more sites at 16 of 49 subject visits. Elevated mean sub gingival temperature was related to subsequent attachment loss particularly in individuals who exhibited more than 1 progressing site. The odds ratios of a subject exhibiting new attachment loss at 1 or more sites or at 2 or more sites were 14.5 and 64.0 if the subject's mean sub gingival temperature exceeded 35.5°C. Subjects with high mean sub gingival temperatures and widespread periodontal destruction appeared to be at greatest risk for new attachment loss. Discriminant analysis using % of sites with suppuration, redness and attachment level 〉 3 mm and mean site temperature correctly “predicted” disease activity with a sensitivity, specificity and overall agreement of 0.75, 0.76 and 0.82 respectively. Of 7243 sites, 43 (0.59%) and 160 (2.2%) showed attachment loss of either 2.5 mm or more or 2 mm or more respectively. Unchanging sites exhibited lower mean site temperature and higher deviations from sublingual than sites which lost or “gained” attachment. % of sites showing new attachment loss increased with increasing site temperature, decreasing site temperature deviation and a change in the indicator value from green to yellow to red. For example, % of sites exhibiting loss of attachment of 2.5 mm or more was 0.23 at 〈34°C, 0.36 at 34–35°C, 0.82 at 35–36°C and 1.04 at 〉36°C. This pattern was observed for subsets of sites with pocket depths 〈 4 mm and 4–6 mm, but was weaker for pockets 〉 6 mm. Most striking was the high risk (8.9% of sites) of new attachment loss at sites with shallow pockets (〈4 mm), which bled on probing and had red temperature indicator values compared with the lower risk (1.4%) at shallow, non-bleeding sites with green indicator values. The findings of the present investigation suggest that knowledge of the sub gingival temperature will be useful in identifying subjects and sites at risk for new attachment loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00671.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation of counts of microbial species to clinical status at the sampled site (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to relate clinical characteristics at a site to the frequency of detection, absolute counts and proportions of 14 subgingival species. Subgingival plaque samples were removed by curette from the mesial surface of 2299 teeth in 3 healthy and 87 subjects with periodontal attachment loss. Samples were dispersed, diluted and plated on Trypticase soy agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood. After 7 days of anaerobic incubation, colonies were lifted onto nylon filters, lysed and the DNA fixed to the filters. Digoxygenin-labeled DNA probes were used to identify colonies of each test species. Measurements of pocket depth, attachment level, recession, redness, bleeding on probing and suppuration were made at each sampled site. Total viable counts at sites ranged from 103 to 〉 108 and were strongly related to pocket depth. Mean total counts at sites 〈 3 mm averaged 4.6 × 106, while mean counts at sites 〉 7 mm averaged 2.0 × 107. Species enumerated and % of sites colonized were as follows; V. parvula 44; S. sanguis 11 36; B. intermedius I 33; C. ochracea 31; B. intermedius II 30; S. sanguis I 29; B. gingivalis 27; S. intermedius 25; P. micros 24; W. recta 23; F. nucleatum ss vincentii 18; B. forsythus 15; A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype a 10; A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b 8. Counts of B. intermedius II were higher at sites which exhibited gingival redness while B. intermedius I was higher at sites which bled on probing. A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b was more frequent and at higher mean % at sites without recession. The opposite was true for S. sanguis II. B. gingivalis was somewhat more prevalent and at higher levels at suppurating sites. B. gingivalis, B. intermedius I and II and B. forsythus were found more frequently and at higher levels at sites with deeper pockets, while V. parvula was less prevalent at sites with pocket depths 〈 4 mm. B. gingivalis, B. intermedius I and A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b increased with increasing pocket depth in both localized and widespread disease subjects, but mean counts were higher in the localized disease subjects at any pocket depth. Only W. recta was found at higher levels at deep sites in widespread disease subjects when compared with similar sites in localized disease subjects. No suspected pathogens were detected in 38% of shallow sites, 31% of intermediate sites and 22% of deep sites. 2/3 of deep pockets, but less than 1/2 of shallow pockets harbored at least 2 of the suspected pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00070.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency distributions of periodontal attachment loss Clinical and microbiological features (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present investigation attempted to determine if the pattern of past periodontal destruction could be (1) concisely summarized, and (2) related to other clinical and microbiological parameters. 61 subjects between the ages of 12 and 61 years with destructive periodontal disease were evaluated at 6 sites per tooth for redness, plaque, suppuration, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and attachment level. The frequency distribution of baseline attachment level measurements was computed for each individual. A curve fitting algorithm was used to fit the frequency distribution to 1-, 2-, and 3-term normal distributions. The parameters of the fit could be used to summarize concisely all of the frequency distributions.3 major patterns of attachment loss could be distinguished. Pattern I required a two-term distribution with localized destruction at 〈 34% of sites and was further divided into 3 groups, depending on average attachment loss at diseased sites. The means of the second peak for the subgroups were 2.7, 5.3, and 8.6 mm, respectively. Pattern II exhibited more widespread disease (〉33% of sites affected) with multiple peaks in the frequency distribution requiring a 3-term distribution for satisfactory fit. However, a significant proportion of sites was not affected. Pattern III exhibited a single-peaked normal distribution in which virtually all sites were affected. Mean attachment levels of the peaks in this group ranged from 2.7 to 8.4 mm.23 of the 61 subjects showed significant attachment loss at 1 or more sites during the course of bi-monthly monitoring, as determined by the tolerance method of analysis. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from these active sites and matched with control sites prior to therapy. The proportions of Fuso-bacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus intermedius, and Eikenella corrodens were significantly elevated in active and control sites of subjects in groups II and III combined (the widespread disease groups), and proportions of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Propionibacterium acnes were elevated in active and control sites of the more localized disease group I subjects. Group I subjects showed a 13-to 15-fold decrease in hazard rates of periodontal sites after Widman flap surgery and systemic tetracycline, whereas groups II and III subjects showed 2-to 6-fold decreases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00856.x
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