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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Gap Junctional Protein Connexin(Cx)43 in Testicular Cancer: its Loss Marks Progession from Carcinoma In Situ to Invasive Germ Cell Tumour (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) of the testis is known to be the pre-invasive stage of most human germ cell tumours (seminoma and non-seminoma), but the mechanisms leading to an increased pubertal proliferation of CIS cells after a long latency and to progression of CIS to an invasive malignancy are still not known. Additionally, CIS and seminoma have also been reported in equine testis (Veeramachaneni and Sawyer, 1998). The gap junctional protein and tumour suppressor gene connexin(cx)43 represents the predominant cx in human, canine and rodent testis so far and it is expected to play a key role for the regulation of both proliferation and differentiation of germ cells (spermatogonia and spermatocytes), and its gene- and protein-expression pattern is typical for the pubertal terminal differentiation of somatic Sertoli cells. Using cDNA-microarray analysis, in-situ hybridization (ISH), RT-PCR from tissue homogenate and semi-quantitative RT-PCR from well defined microdissected tubules with normal spermatogenesis, CIS, intratubular seminoma (ISe) and from seminoma cells from invasive seminoma we found a downregulation of cx43 starting in intratubular CIS, leading to a complete loss in most invasive seminoma cells. This indicates that regulation of cx43 expression takes place at transcriptional level confirming and expanding earlier studies of protein expression (Brehm et al., 2002). This reduction of cx43-expression suggests that an early intratubular derangement in cx43-gene expression and disruption of inter-cellular communication between Sertoli cells and/or Sertoli cells and pre-invasive tumour cells via cx43-gap junctions may play a role in the proliferation of CIS cells and seminoma cells and in the progression phase of testicular seminoma development.References  Veeramachaneni, D. N., and H. R.Sawyer, 1998: Carcinoma in situ and seminoma in equine testis. APMIS 106, 183–185.Brehm R., A. Marks, R. Rey, S. Kliesch, M. Bergmann and K. Steger, 2002: Altered expression of connexins 26 and 43 in Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules infiltrated with carcinoma-in-situ or seminoma. J. Pathol. 197, 647–653.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00669_16.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nosocomial pneumonia: Epidemiology and infection control (1992)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 18 (1992), S. S3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Nosocomial pneumonia ; Mechanical ventilation ; Gastric colonization ; Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli ; Respiratory therapy equipment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Elderly, debilitated, or critically ill patients are at high risk for hospital acquired or nosocomial respiratory tract infection. Gram-negative bacilli,Staphylococcus aureus, and anaerobes colonizing the oropharynx are the most frequent etiologic agents. Colonization of the oropharynx may be related to the patient's age, underlying disease, nutritional status, prior exposure to antibiotics, supine position, and gastric colonization. Nosocomial pathogens may also be acquired from the hands of hospital personnel, contaminated equipment or fluids. The absence of sensitive and specific methods for accurate diagnosis remain a concern. Despite treatment with appropriate antimicrobial therapy, there is a high mortality and morbidity. Measures for the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia should include compliance with infection control principles, appropriate use of antibiotics, proper patient position, and removal of potential sources of cross colonization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01752970
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of connexin 43 in human testis (1999)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 112 (1999), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In order to further characterize the Sertoli cell state of differentiation, we investigated the expression of connexin 43 (cx43) protein in the testis of adult men both with normal spermatogenesis and associated with spermatogenic impairment, since cx43 is first expressed during puberty. Cx43 protein was found as a single 43-kDa band on western blots of extracts of normal human testicular material. Cx43 immunoreactivity was generally present between Leydig cells. Within the normal seminiferous epithelium cx43 immunoreactivity was localized between adjacent Sertoli cells, except at stages II and III of the seminiferous epithelial cycle when primary spermatocytes cross from the basal to the adluminal compartment suggesting a stage-dependent Sertoli cell function. While testes with hypospermatogenesis and spermatogenic arrest at the level of round spermatids or spermatocytes revealed a staining pattern similar to that of normal adult testis, the seminiferous tubules showing spermatogenic arrest at the level of spermatogonia and Sertoli-cell-only syndrome were completely immunonegative. We therefore assume that severe spermatogenic impairment is associated with a population of Sertoli cells exhibiting a stage of differentiation deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050409
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