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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of temperature on myogenesis in embryonic development of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 178 (1988), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Salmon ; Myogenesis ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary From fertilisation to hatching one group of salmon embryos was reared at ambient temperatures (fluctuating around 1.6° C) and another at 10° C. At Gorodilov stages 28, 30 and 33 transverse sections of whole embryos were obtained for light and electron microscopy. Total cross-sectional areas, fibre numbers, fibre diameters and myofibrillar areas of the white muscle of m. lateralis were measured. At hatching (stage 33, which occurred much earlier at the higher temperature), the higher temperature embryos had significantly larger (P〈 0.01) but fewer (P〈 0.05) muscle fibres. These larger fibres contained significantly more myofibrillar material (P〈 0.05) than the smaller fibres of the lower temperature embryos. Lesser differences were found at pre-hatching stages. Higher temperatures caused myofibre hypertrophy to increase at a greater rate than hyperplasia. Hence, the cellularity of the tissue produced under the different temperature regimes was quite different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318228
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of prenatal muscle development in the mouse (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 164 (1982), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Muscle ; Growth and Development ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopy was used to study prenatal muscle development in mouse fetuses ranging from 12 days to 18 days gestation. Some transmission electron micrographs were also used for comparison. At 12 days no myofibres were evident although at 13 days long fibres surrounded by many mononucleated cells could be seen. At 14 days bundles of primary myofibres were observed with new myofibres forming in crevices between adjacent fibres. At 16 days the primary myofibres had separated but smaller secondary myofibres could be seen forming along their surfaces. The myofibres were very compact at 18 days and often appeared fused but this was due to the basal lamina ensheathing clusters of primary myofibres with their secondaries. The scanning electron micrographs appeared to illustrate the theories of muscle development which have arisen out of the various studies employing sectioning techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315759
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Placental growth in the pig (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 173 (1985), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Porcine placenta ; Growth ; Fetal size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The growth of the porcine palcenta from 38 days until term is described. Measurements were made of its area, circumference and in situ length. Placental area increased during the period of study due to increases in the uterine circumference at the sites of conceptuses. No change was found in uterine horn length or placental length with age. Fetal weight correlated well with placental area but poorly with the other parameters. Placental length was shorter in more crowded horns and showed a U shaped distribution with position within uterine horns. These results are discussed in terms of competition for space within the uterus as a cause of the within litter variation in fetal size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos and the effect of temperature on muscle cellularity (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 44 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Salmon eggs were incubated at 5, 8 or 11° C from fertilization to hatching. At Gorodilov stages 25, 27, 29, 31 and 33 transverse sections of whole embryos (at somite level 10–15) were prepared for histochemistry and electron microscopy. At every stage up to hatching, cross–sectional areas of the embryos were not different between temperatures, and from stage 27 onwards there was also no difference in the ratio of white to red muscle. However, there were more muscle fibres but of smaller average diameter in both the red and white muscle for the colder temperature embryos. At hatching there were also more nuclei (per cross–section) in the colder embryos but more nuclei per muscle fibre in the warmer embryos. In all cases the 8° C embryos were intermediate between 5 and 11° C embryos in their muscle parameters. Fast and slow muscle fibres could only be distinguished in the embryos by alkali–stable ATPase reactions. Succinic dehydrogenase activity was low in embryonic fish. No differences between the temperature groups were detected in the histochemical reactions for either ATPase or succinic dehydrogenase activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01267.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity of cytochrome c oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase in muscle tissue of slow growing (lower modal group) and fast growing (upper modal group) Atlantic salmon (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 48 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fast growing Atlantic salmon (upper modal group) exhibit a higher activity of muscle cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) than the slow growing salmon (lower modal group). The ratios of CCO/LDH activity, indicate a higher aerobic/anaerobic metabolic potential of the axial muscle in the upper modal group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01449.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle cellularity in relation to somatic growth in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), juveniles (1.32 g) grew at a rate of 4.2% per day, when fish were fed ad libitum and reared at optimal thermal conditions (ambient sea water temperature, 20-26°C). At 13°C, feeding and spontaneous activity were severely restricted and somatic growth was reduced to 0.6% per day. Over a period of 6 weeks, both muscle fibre hyperplasia and nuclear division were higher in the ambient-temperature group compared with the fish reared at 13°C. Despite the differences in growth rate and spontaneous activity, muscle fibre hyperplasia was paralleled by nuclear division in the lateral axial muscle in both temperature groups and the number of nuclei per myofibre did not differ significantly between the two temperature groups. It is concluded that at optimal thermal and feeding conditions, somatic growth of sea bass juveniles is mediated through an increase in the number of nuclei and muscle fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1996.t01-1-00819.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Quantitative Study of Muscle Development in the Bovine Foetus (Bos indicus) (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 7 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The investigation was carried out in order to quantify the changes in various cell parameters which take place in the normal prenatal development bovine muscle. Sections of muscles, taken from 36 Zebu foetuses (Bos indicns) of about 75 to 245 days gestation, were examined microscopically. Results are given on the numbers and sizes of myotubes and myofibres seen section at various stages of development. The relative contribution of increases in cell size and cell number to overall muscle size increase are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1978.tb00795.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Quantitative Evaluation of Placentome Development in Zebu Cattle (Bos indicus) (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 6 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Quantitative changes occurring during placentome development were studied in detail in fetuses of local Zebu cattle ranging in age from about 75 to 245 days of gestation. Total placentome cross-sectional area increased continuously throughout gestation, although placentome number remained constant; this was brought about by an increase in mean placentome crosssectional area alone. Mean placentome cross-sectional area in the gravid horn was almost twice as great as that in the non-gravid horn at all stages of gestation. Changes in placentome cross-sectional area were closely related to changes in placentome depth and volume.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungQuantitative Erhebungen zur Plazentomentwicklung beim Zebu(Bos indicus)Die quantitativen Veränderungen der Plazentomentwicklung wurden an Zebu-Föten im Trächtigkeitsalter von 75–245 Tagen studiert. Bei gleichbleibender Anzahl der Plazentome nimmt deren Gesamtquerschnittsfläche während der Trächtigkeit ständig zu, und zwar als Folge der Zunahme der mittleren Flächengröße der einzelnen Plazentome, die durchweg im trächtigen Horn fast doppelt so groß war wie im nichtträchtigen. Diese Änderungen hängen mit Änderungen der Höhe und des Umfanges der Plazentome eng zusammen.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméEvaluation quantitative du développement des placentomes chez le zébu(Bos indicus)Les changements quantitatifs qui se produisent pendant le développement des placentomes ont étéétudiés chez des fœtus de Zébu de race locale âgés de 75 à 245 jours de gestation. La surface totale des placentomes en coupe transversale augmente de façon continue pendant toute la gestation, bien que le nombre de placentomes reste constant. Ceci est réalisé par la seule augmentation de la surface moyenne de section des placentomes. Cette moyenne s'est avérEé presque deux fois plus grande dans la corne gravide que dans la corne non gravide à tous les stades de la gestation. Les changements ont été lié s à ceux du volume des placentomes.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ResumenUna evaluación cuantitativa del desarrollo de los placentomas del cebú(Bos indicus)Los cambios cuantitativos durante el desarrollo de los placentomas se estudiaron en fetos del cebú de aproximadamente 75 a 245 días de edad. Durante la gestación, la superficie total de cortes transversos de los placentomas aumenta constantemente, manteniétidose su número igual; esto se debe sólo al aumento de superficie cuyo promedio es casi el doble en el cuerno gravido en comparación con el otro. Estos cambios están intimamente relacionados con los cambios de los placentomas en altura y volumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1977.tb00423.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and oxygen tension influence the development of muscle cellularity in embryonic rainbow trout (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Muscle cellularity at a developmental stage around the time of hatching was examined in rainbow trout which had been reared from the eyed stage at three different temperature regimes (5, 10 and 15° C) and different O2 tensions [70% of air saturation value (ASV) at 5° C, 100% of ASV at all temperatures, and 150% of ASV at 10 and 15° C]. It was found that, as has been shown for other species, there was a difference in muscle fibre numbers and fibre cross-sectional areas between some of the regimes. There was a decrease in fibre number at the intermediate and higher temperature, and a decrease in fibre size at the high temperature. The temperature effects observed were modified by the applied changes in O2 tension. An increased O2 tension at 10° C led to an increase in fibre size whereas a decrease in O2 tension at the low temperature resulted in a decrease in fibre number. The largest total white muscle cross-sectional area was achieved at 10° C under high O2 conditions. Temperature and O2 tension therefore had a clear effect on muscle cellularity and there was a significant interaction between the two parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb01003.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature- and developmentally-induced variation in the histochemical profile of myofibrillar ATPase activity in carp (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The histochemical profile of calcium activated acid stable myofibrillar ATPase (mATPase) activity in developing larval and juvenile carp was investigated. In the larval fish, differentiation of pink muscle fibres occurred after metamorphosis which was delayed by a week at 17° C compared to larvae grown at 27° C. After metamorphosis the 27° C group exhibited some small myofibres with acid stable mATPase activity in the deep white muscle. This was similar for the juvenile carp which were acclimated for more than a month at 25° C. In contrast, the cold (12° C) acclimated juvenile fish, contained very few small white muscle fibres with acid stable mATPase activity. It was also noted that the cold acclimated fish had lower background acid stable mATPase activity than the warm acclimated fish. Results indicate that after metamorphosis and more evidently in juveniles, temperature can influence the rate of myofibre hyperplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01930.x
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