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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alloantisera were prepared by reciprocal immunizations with bursal or thymic lymphoid cells between chickens of two inbred lines identical at theB major histocompatibility locus. In cytotoxic assays, antibursa sera were specific for donor-line bursa cells without absorption; antithymus sera were similarly specific for donor-line thymus cells. Both types of sera cytolyzed some peripheral lymphoid cells from spleen, bone marrow, and blood. Absorption of either type of serum with peripheral blood leukocytes removed all cytotoxic reactivity for central lymphoid cells. The inheritance of the alloantigens detected by these specific antisera was studied in F1, F2, and backcross progeny from the two lines. Phenotypes were determined by a method in which antisera preabsorbed with progeny leukocytes were reacted against51Cr-labeled bursal or thymic cells from chickens of both lines. The results established two independent autosomal loci-Bu-1 andTh-1-determining antigens expressed, respectively, on bursal cells and peripheral B lymphocytes or on thymic cells and peripheral T lymphocytes. Cytotoxic testing of bursal or thymic cells from chickens of other inbred lines and F1 populations led to the tentative conclusion that the number of alleles atBu-1 is restricted, whileTh-1 exhibits considerable multiple allelism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared two of the East Lansing Regional Poultry Research Laboratory inbred chicken lines for immune responses to four antigens injected in Freund's complete adjuvant, and to the chemical oxazolone as a contact sensitizer. Line EL6 chickens gave higher delayed hypersensitivity responses than did EL7 birds to BSA, dodecanoic acid-conjugated BSA, and ferritin, as well as to oxazolone. Line EL6 gave the higher primary antibody responses to the first three of these antigens, but EL7 gave the higher responses to the hapten DNP. Since these lines are identical for theB major histocompatibility complex by serological and functional tests, these results imply the existence of differences in levels of immune responsiveness which are apparently non-MHC-associated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 437 (2005), S. 862-865 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Microorganisms such as bacteria and many eukaryotic cells propel themselves with hair-like structures known as flagella, which can exhibit a variety of structures and movement patterns. For example, bacterial flagella are helically shaped and driven at their bases by a reversible rotary engine, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 438 (2005), S. 930-930 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Surface tension gives gas bubbles their perfect spherical shape by minimizing the surface area for a given volume. Here we show that gas bubbles and liquid drops can exist in stable, non-spherical shapes if the surface is covered, or ‘armoured’, with a close-packed monolayer of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 1033-1036 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Spontaneous pattern formation by self-assembly is of long-standing and continuing interest not only for its aesthetic appeal, but also for its fundamental and technological relevance. So far, the study of self-organization processes has mainly focused on static structures, but dynamic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 1112-1122 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An efficient numerical method is described for studying the combined conductive and convective transport from a surface film on a planar boundary to a fluid in simple shear flow. Such problems arise most commonly in the use of hot film anemometers, electrochemical shear probes, or in simple models of chemical reactions. The method is illustrated by calculating the total flux (Nusselt number) and variation of the flux along the surface for isothermal circular disks at arbitrary values of the Peclet number (dimensionless shear rate) and is compared with asymptotic results valid at high and low Peclet numbers. The theoretical low Peclet number results of Phillips [Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. (in press)] lie within 2% of the numerical results for Peclet numbers as high as P=2. At high Peclet numbers, a theoretical estimate for the neglected flux from the edge regions is used, together with the numerical simulations, to propose a correction to the standard one-term asymptotic expression. This approximate relationship remains within 7% of the numerical calculations for Peclet numbers as small as P=5. In addition, results for the total heat transfer as a function of Peclet number are presented for isolated elliptical disks at two orthogonal orientations with respect to the flow and an asymptotic expression for high Peclet numbers is presented for arbitrary disk orientations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 2827-2836 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamics of capillary pinching of a fluid thread are described by similarity solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations. Eggers [Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3458 (1993)] recently proposed a single universal similarity solution for a viscous thread pinching with an inertial–viscous–capillary balance in an inviscid environment. In this paper it is shown that there is actually a countably infinite family of such similarity solutions which are each an asymptotic solution to the Navier–Stokes equations. The solutions all have axial scale t′1/2 and radial scale t′, where t′ is the time to pinching. The solution obtained by Eggers appears to be special in that it is selected by the dynamics for most initial conditions by virtue of being less susceptible to finite-amplitude instabilities. The analogous problem of a thread pinching in the absence of inertia is also investigated and it is shown that there is a countably infinite family of similarity solutions with axial scale t′β and radial scale t′, where each solution has a different exponent β. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 385-394 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two methods are presented for calculating the interfacial tension between two immiscible Newtonian fluids. The procedures require only two measurements of the approximate interface shape during the low-Reynold-number interfacial-tension-driven transient motion of (i) the relaxation of a modestly elongated drop back to a spherical shape or (ii) the growth of capillary wave instabilities along the surface of a thread. The interfacial tension can be estimated by comparing the time differences between the two experimental measurements with tabulated and numerically generated results for the approximate shape evolution. The numerical results are generated using boundary integral method for similar model free-boundary problems at low Reynolds numbers. The tabulated results are presented for drop to suspending fluid viscosity ratios 0.01 to 10.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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