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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental Organic Mercury Poisoning ; Muscles ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Teil des M. gastrocnemius von experimentell mit organischem Quecksilber vergifteten Ratten fanden sich pathologische Veränderungen. Aufgrund dieses Befundes wird vermutet, daß die Vergiftungsläsion zwar die hinteren Nervenwurzelfasern bevorzugt, aber auch Teile der vorderen Nervenwurzelfasern betreffen kann.
    Notes: Summary Pathological changes were found in a part of M. gastrocnemius in rats experimentally poisoned by an organic mercury compound. The authors assume from this that organic mercury mainly affects the posterior nerve root fibres, but some of the anterior nerve root fibres may also be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Landry-Guillain-Barré Syndrome ; Peripheral Nerves ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Biopsie-Material des N. suralis einer Patientin mit typischem Landry-Guillain-Barré-Syndrom wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Es fanden sich degenerative Veränderungen, die sowohl die Myelinscheiden als auch Schwannsche Zellen und unmyelinisierten Nervenfasern betraffen. Vor allem die Veränderungen an unmyelinisierten Nervenfasern scheinen mit der Funktionsstörung autonomer Nerven in Beziehung zu stehen.
    Notes: Summary N. suralis taken from a patient showing the typical Landry-Guillain-Barré Syndrome was examined electron microscopically and showed degenerative changes of the myelin sheaths, Schwann cells, axons and unmyelinated nerve fibres. The changes in the unmyelinated nerve fibres might be concerned with disturbances of autonomic function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Disturbance of Metabolism in the Neuron ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsies of a frontal gyrus from both schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic brains were examined by electron microscopy. The results in the schizophrenic brains are as follows: 1. Within the cytoplasm of the nerve cell, the Golgi apparatus was remarkably prominent. 2. Membranous structures, consisting of numerous interconnected tubules were observed in the nerve fibres. Abnormal structures appeared in the synapses and in many synapses vesicles were not observed. 3. Granular and vesicular material accumulated in large amount in the axon-oligodendroglial interface of myelinated nerve fibres: the material was gradually transferred from the axon-oligodendroglial interface to the inner mesoaxon and the outer layers of the myelin sheaths destroying some of the myelin sheaths. Mainly myelinated nerve fibres of medium size were involved. 4. A large amount of lipofuscin-like material was observed in the cytoplasm and the processes of the oligodendroglia. 5. Only the neuron and the oligodendroglia showed specific changes. Among the findings mentioned above, (3) was thought to be specific and originated from the disturbance of the metabolism of the neuron, due probably to some enzyme disturbance in the neuron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 33-41 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Organic Mercury Compound ; Late Pathological Changes in Peripheral Nerves ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wistar strain of male rats of 100–110 g were used, 5 for an experimental and 5 for control group. 1 mg of organic mercury (methyl methylmercuric sulfide: CH3HgSCH3) was given by mouth each day for 10 days (total dose 9–10 mg) to the experimental group. 600 days afterwards the experimental and control rats were killed. Only the peripheral nerves showed changes, small myelinated nerve fibres with thick myelin sheaths in groups. Around these fibres occurred extremely small myelinated nerve fibres and isolated large unmyelinated fibres, and appeared to be regenerated fibres. Destruction of myelin sheaths and cavity formation in the axons were observed in these fibres. The changes in the axons were remarkable at the nodes of Ranvier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 85-89 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ultrastructural Changes of CNS ; Steroid Drug ; Hypothalamus and Thalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wistar male rats (body weight 100–120 g) were given 0.5 mg of β-methasone per rat orally each day for 30 days, and 0.05 mg β-methasone was given for 130 days. The changes in the central nervous system were similar in both groups given 0.5 mg and 0.05 mg β-methasone, but with the larger dose the changes were more marked. The main changes occurred in the hypothalamus and thalamus. The mitochondria of the nerve cells were hypertrophic and showed vacuolar degeneration, the Golgi apparatus well developed and the lysosomes increased in number. The mitochondrial changes were observed also in the nerve fibers and glia cells. Oedema of the astrocyte processes and an increase in free ribosomes were found in the hypothalamus and thalamus. In addition, hypertrophy and vacuolar degeneration of the mitochondria and destruction of the Z-disks were observed in the skeletal muscles. Steroid effects mainly the hypothalamus and thalamus, and this might have relation to steroid psychosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Late changes in sural nerve ; Regeneration of small myelinated nerve fibres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sural nerves of 2 human cases with Minamata disease and poisoned rats were examined histopathologically. Both showed similar findings: the myelinated nerve fibres were decreased in number, but small myelinated nerve fibres were increased: The latter were irregular in shape and their Schwann cells showed regressive changes, with high electron density of the cytoplasms and many glycogen granules. Onion, bulb formation was not found. According to fibre diameter histograms, the ratio of small myelinated nerve fibres of 2–5 μm showed a high percentage. A large number of the small myelinated nerve fibres were presumed to be regenerated nerve fibres. These findings are different from other peripheral neuropathies and may be characteristics of the late changes of the sural nerve induced by organic mercury compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mental Deficiency ; Astrocytes ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Fall von Schwachsinn ohne starke somatische und neurologische Symptome wurde eine Biopsie der Frontalwindung vorgenommen und das Material elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht: Bei Fehlen eines cerebralen Abbauprozesses fanden sich Einschlußkörperchen im Cytoplasma der Astrocyten und eine abnorme Zunahme der Lipofuscingranula im Cytoplasma der Nevenzellen. Diese Einschlußkörperchen erwiesen sich aus geschädigtem ergastoplasmischen Reticulum und RNP-Körperchen bestehend. Aus diesen Befunden wurde geschlossen, daß die physiologische Funktion der Astrocyten infolge einer Störung des Protein-Metabolismus in den Astrocyten beeinträchtigt war; außerdem war die Funktion der Nervenzellen durch die Zunhme der Lipofuscingranula sekundär gestört. Es scheint, daß die Veränderungen eng mit dem Schwachsinn zusammenhingen und daß die intellektuellen Funktionen teilweise von der Funktion der Gliazellen abhängen.
    Notes: Summary A biopsy of a frontal gyrus from a case of idiocy, without gross bodily symptoms or neurological signs, was examined by electron microscopy. The results of this examination were as follows: there was no destructive process in the cerebral tissue but inclusions were seen in the cytoplasm of the astrocytes and there was an abnormal increase in lipofuscin granules, in the cytoplasm of the nerve cells. The inclusions consisted of damaged endoplasmic reticulum and RNP granules. From these findings, it was considered that the physiological function of the astrocytes was disturbed, as the result of a disturbance in protein metabolism and that the function of the nerve cells was also disturbed, with an increase in lipofuscin granules. These changes seem to be intimately concerned with mental deficiency and part of intellectual function seems to depend on the functions of the glia cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Organic Mercury Compound ; Peripheral Nerve ; Regeneration ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ratten wurde oral durch 20 Tage täglich 1 mg organische Quecksilberverbindung verabreicht. Am 7. und 250. Tag nach Ende der Verabreichung wurden die peripheren Nerven untersucht. Am 7. Tag fanden sich Mitosen von Schwannschen Zellen und am 250. Tag deutliche Abnahme der myelinhaltigen Nervenfasern, begleitet von Regeneration der Nervenfasern und Zunahme von Kollagen im intercellulären Raum. Anderseits waren die Ganglienzellen der Hinterwurzeln intakt. Diese Befunde lassen vermuten, daß die Regeneration geschädigter peripherer Nerven nach experimentellen Vergiftung mit organischem Quecksilber durch bis in periphere Abschnitte wachsende Axonsprossen und neugebildete Schwann-Zellen vor sich geht. Die Regenerationstendenz der peripheren Nerven war jedoch im ganzen nicht sehr ausgeprägt.
    Notes: Summary Rats were given 1 mg of organic mercury compound per rat daily by mouth for 20 days. Peripheral nerves were examined on the 7th day and 250 th day after withdrawal of administration. On the 7th day, mitosis of Schwann cells was observed and on the 250 th day, myelinated fibres were noticeably decreased in numbers, with regeneration of nerve fibres and an increase of collagen in the intercellular spaces. Posterior nerve root ganglion cells were however intact. From this it is speculated that regeneration of injured peripheral nerve fibres, experimentally poisoned with organic mercury, is the result of regeneration of axons growing out to the periphery, and by regeneration of Schwann cells. Regeneration of the peripheral nerves was not however a very marked feature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Wilson's Hepato-lenticular Degeneration ; Primary Degeneration of Peripheral Nerve ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sural nerve from a patient with'Wilson's hepato-lenticular degeneration was examined by electron microscopy. The myelin sheaths showed remarkable changes and the axons secondary changes, while the unmyelinated nerve fibres were intact. These findings demonstrate that pathological changes of peripheral nerves occur in Wilson's disease. The changes are considered to be primary degeneration of the myelin sheaths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Methamphetamine Poisoning (Artificial Psychosis) ; Synapses ; Nerve Conduction and Transmission ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Amphetaminchlorid in Mengen von 1 mg pro kg pro Tag wurde 8 männlichen Meerschweinchen ungefähr 1 Jahr lang täglich injiziert, um eine chronische Amphetaminvergiftung zu erzeugen. Bei jedem vergifteten Tier wurde die Feinstruktur des Gehirns elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Befunde waren folgende: 1. Verschmelzung der Membranen zwischen Axonen in den Nervenendigungen sowie zwischen Axonen und Dendriten wurden in der Großhirnrinde, im limbischen System, im Thalamus und Hypothalmus beobachtet; ferner wurde eine sich vom Cytoplasma bis zur Nervenendigung erstreckende Membranstruktur in diesen Hirnbereichen festgestellt. 2. Im Frontal-, Parietal-, Temporal- und Occipitalhirn sowie im limbischen System fanden sich vermehrt membranbegrenzte Vesikel im Cytoplasma der Nervenzellen und verdicktes und vermehrtes ER in den Nervenfasern. In Anbetracht klinischer Symptome der Patienten mit Amphetaminvergiftung wurde angenommen, daß die Verschmelzung von Membranen zwischen Nervenfortsätzen und das Auftreten der Membranstrukturen in allen Teilen des Nervenzellcytoplasmas vom Perikaryon bis zur Nervenendigung die wichtigsten Befunde sind, die darauf hindeuten, daß die Vergiftungsvorgänge einen wesentlichen Einfluß auf das Leitungssystem der Nerven ausüben können.
    Notes: Summary In 8 male albino strain guinea pigs, 1 mg/kg of methamphetamine HCl was injected daily for 7 months to 1 year to produce chronic methamphetamine intoxication and to study the fine structure of the brain electron microscopically. The following results were obtained: 1. Coalescence of membranes, between axons at the nerve endings and between axons and dendrites, was found in the cortex of the cerebrum and limbic system, in the thalamus and hypothalamus. Membranous structures were found in all portions of the cytoplasm of the nerve cells. 2. Within the cytoplasm of the nerve cell, coated vesicles were increased in number with hypertrophy and increase of endoplasmic reticulum within nerve fibres in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital regions, and in the limbic system. In view of these findings, as well as the clinical neurological symptoms in patients with methamphetamine poisoning, the coalescence of membranes between nerve processes and the appearance of membranous structures in all portions of nerve cell cytoplasm from body to nerve endings appear to represent the most important findings, they probably produce a profound disturbance in the system of nerve conduction and transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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