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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure of columnar crystallites in Ni80Fe20/Cu magnetic multilayers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 2835-2839 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used electron microscopy to investigate the microstructure of Ni80Fe20/Cu magnetic multilayers which were synthesized by dc magnetron sputtering. Columnar structure was found in the specimen with and without giant magnetoresistance (GMR). All the columnar crystallites (CCs) originate from the Fe buffer layer on silicon wafer or glass substrate and penetrate though all the multilayers up to the surface of the film. The lateral size of the CCs ranges from 10 to 30 nm. Cross-sectional high-resolution electron microscopy study shows that the CCs are single-crystal-like with fcc structure resulting from the epitaxial growth of NiFe and Cu sublayers. Electron diffraction contrast imaging and electron energy filtered elemental mapping confirmed that multilayer nature is maintained throughout the entire NiFe/Cu film. Grain boundaries between CCs can be the most likely place where NiFe or Cu bridging will occur. Columnar structure was also found in a Ta/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn/Ta spin valve film. The possible influence of the columnar crystalline structure on the GMR related problems is discussed. The microstructure results revealed in this article provide useful information for the GMR property investigation of NiFe/Cu based metallic multilayers. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372265
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretation of the tidal residuals during the 11 July 1991 total solar eclipse (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 73 (1999), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Gravity variations ; Solar eclipse ; Pressure waves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. Observations of gravity and atmospheric pressure variations during the total solar eclipse of 11 July 1991 in Mexico City are presented. An LCR-G402 gravimeter equipped with a feedback system and a digital data acquisition system scanned gravity and pressure every second around the totality. On the pressure record an oscillation, starting at the totality, with a peak to peak amplitude of 0.5 hPa and a periodicity of 40 to 50 min, can clearly be seen. This oscillation results from the thermal shock wave produced by the Moon shadow travelling at supersonic speed. At the 0.1 μGal (1 nm · s−2) level all gravity perturbations are explained by the atmospheric pressure effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001900050218
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the atmospheric pressure on surface displacements (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 70 (1995), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Summary Atmospheric pressure variations with periods of some days and months can be considered as loading functions on the Earth's surface and can induce quasi-periodic surface deformations. The influence of such surface displacements is calculated by performing a convolution sum between the mass loading Green's functions and the local and regional barometric pressure data (geographically distribution in a 1° × 1° grid system extending to more than 1000km). The results for 5 stations in Europe show that the average values reach about 22.9–30.2mm depending on the ocean response: the inverted or non-inverted barometer ocean model. The corresponding admittances are 0.576–0.758mm/mbar respectively. The horizontal displacements are not negligible but always smaller. The magnitudes are about 2–3mm for East-West component and 0.5–1.0mm for North-South component. The results of the dependence on the lateral extension of the pressure load show that the admittance for radial displacement varies from 0.250mm/mbar for a column load of 100km radius to 0.539mm/mbar for a column load of more than 1000km extension. It means that the main contribution of the loads comes from the horizontal distribution of the air pressure in a broad region. The time dependent effects of the atmospheric pressure are also computed with the two-coefficient correction equations provided by Rabbel & Zschau (1985) using ground pressure data in a 1.125° × 1.125° grid system. The computations demonstrate that the results are in good agreement with those obtained with a convolution sum. It shows that this method can provide us with a good approximation for vertical displacement caused by the deformation of the Earth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00943688
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