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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical property improvements of a pellicular biocatalyst (1991)
    Springer
    Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 7 (1991), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0797
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal stability of an immobilization technique using a pellicular latex matrix was examined in a packed-bed column reactor. The stability was found to vary with liquid flow rate, the type of latex, temperature of operation, and the amount of yeast cells. Adjusting these parameters and introducing particulate inorganic fillers strengthened the latex matrix and improved the thermal stability. Optimization of this immobilization technique resulted in a procedure that allowed latex polymers to be mechanically stable at temperatures up to 50°C. The biological viability of this improved immobilization scheme was demonstrated through the production of L-aspartic acid by immobilized cells of E. coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383581
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quenching Processes for High Temperature Chemical Reactions (1971)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 10 (1971), S. 114-122 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i260037a021
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous Sampling System for Determining Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (1956)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 48 (1956), S. 956-960 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50557a041
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity of suspensions in polymeric solutions (1983)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 22 (1983), S. 420-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Viscosity ; suspension ; polymeric solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Viscosities of suspended particles in polymeric solutions depend upon dissolved polymer concentration, volume fraction of particles and shear rate. In this analysis of viscosity data, relative viscosity was defined as the ratio of suspension viscosity to solution viscosity at the same shear stress rather than shear rate. These relative viscosities reached asymptotic values at high shear stress for all concentrations of dissolved polymer and for all particle loadings. At a given particle loading, the asymptotic values of relative viscosity were nearly independent of the concentration of dissolved polymer. Realtive viscosities were correlated with volume fraction by the one-constant equation of Maron and Pierce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01333774
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of biological reactors to sinusoidal variations of substrate concentration (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A well-mixed biological reactor with continuous addition of biological solids was subjected to sinusoidal variations in inlet substrate concentration. The phase lag between inlet and outlet concentrations increased with increasing frequency. The deviation of measured substrate concentrations from initial steady-state concentrations was observed to have a maximum near a frequency of 1 cycle per residence time. Measured concentrations of substrate and biomass in the reactor differed significantly from concentrations predicted by the Monod kinetic model.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180102
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose lung immobilized β-glucosidase (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 473-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is a multistep process which includes conversion of the intermediate cellobiose to glucose by β-glucosidase. Aside from its role as an intermediate, cellobiose inhibits the endoglucanase components of typical cellulase enzyme systems. Because these enzyme systems often contain insufficient concentrations of β-glucosidase to prevent accumulation of inhibitory cellobiose, this research investigated the use of supplemental immobilized β-glucosidase to increase yield of glucose. Immobilized β-glucosidase from Aspergillus phoenicis was produced by sorption at controlled-pore alumina with about 90% activity retention. The product lost only about 10% of the original activity during an on-stream reaction period of 500 hr with cellobiose as substrate; maximum activity occurred near pH 3.5 and the apparent activation energy was about 11 kcal/mol. The immobilized β-glucosidase was used together with Trichoderma reesei cellulase to hydrolyze cellulosic materials, such as Solka Floc, corn stove and exploded wood. Increased yields of glucose and greater conversions of cellobiose of glucose were observed when the reaction systems contained supplemental immobilized β-glucosidase.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of wet oxidation of nylon 66 (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the aqueous phase oxidation of nylon 66 was studied at temperatures up to 190°C. The nylon 66, in the form of a cylindrical disc, was attached to the shaft of a variable-speed drive inside the reactor. With a rotating disc geometry, the chemical kinetics of the surface reaction can be separated from the mass transfer effects. By measuring the reaction rates at different temperatures, pressures, and disc rotational speeds, a kinetic rate expression was developed relating nylon degradation to dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature. The order of reaction with respect to dissolved oxygen concentration was 0.6, and the activation energy was 42 kcal/g-mole.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200118
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melting rates of crystalline polymers under shear conditions (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The melting of solids under shear conditions is an important operation in the processing of most thermoplastics. In this study, solid blocks of high density polyethylene were melted on a hot, moving surface over a range of surface temperatures and velocities. The conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy were applied to the molten layer and then simplified by an order of magnitude analysis. A general model that included all significant terms gave rates of melting that agreed closely with the measured rates. A simpler model that was analogous to present extruder models predicted melting rates that were ten to twenty-five percent lower than the experimental values. Models for polymers with low to moderate crystallinity should be modified to account for physical removal of amorphous material by shear forces.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Softening rates for polystyrene under shear conditions (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 422-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The processing of thermoplastics often requires conversion of a solid to a viscous fluid under shear conditions. In this study, solid blocks of polystyrene were softened on a hot, moving surface over a range of surface temperatures and velocities. The conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy were applied to the fluid layer and simplified by an order of magnitude analysis. An integral method of solution was developed which predicted rates of softening that agreed closely with the measured rates.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760180515
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology of diallyl phthalate polymers below the gel point (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1108-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The analysis of molding operations for thermosetting polymers requires information on the reaction rates and rheology of the materials. The purpose of this research was to measure kinetic and rheological data on diallyl phthalate resins and to develop models describing the flow behavior. The rheological data were measured with a mechanical spectrometer equipped with eccentric rotating discs. For the region below the gel point of the polymer, the elastic modulus and viscosity were correlated with molecular weight, temperature and shear rate through fairly simple models. By combining kinetic and rheological correlations, the viscosity of a reacting thermoset can be predicted as a function of time, temperature and shear rate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211610
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