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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0040-6090
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 7 (1969), S. 1483-1486 
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thin Solid Films 128 (1985), S. 191-203 
    ISSN: 0040-6090
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1996), S. 91-99 
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This study involves the characterization of thin films of copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) deposited on soda-lime glass substrates using a two-step process. In this technique electron-beam-evaporated Cu-In precursor layers were reacted with an atmosphere containing H2Se gas. The morphological and structural aspects of the CuInSe2 layers were studied (by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction) as a function of the Cu-In film morphology and the selenization temperature profile and exposure time. It was found that the Cu-In precursor morphology has a significant influence on the structural properties of the final CuInSe2 film. Selenization of the Cu-In alloys (irrespective of the structure considered) directly at high temperature resulted in films with poor structural properties. However, a vast improvement in the adhesion properties and morphology of the CuInSe2 films were observed when the Cu-In films were exposed to a reactive selenium atmosphere while ramping the temperature between 150
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 82.65 ; 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Surfaces of single-crystal silicon wafers are amorphized by high-dose phosphorous ion implantation. These surfaces of the wafers, immersed in concentrated KOH, are laser-chemically etched by pulse irradiation of a ruby laser. Simultaneously, the remaining parts of the amorphous layer are annealed. The time dependence of the etching process enhanced during pulse irradiation is recorded and analysed. Reasons for the etching rates which differ between amorphous and single-crystal silicon are given on the basis of experimental and numerical results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 20 (1988), S. 203-210 
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des tests pour la recherche des anticorps neutralisants pour les neuf sérotypes du virus de la peste équine dans les sérums de trois groupes de chevaux ont confirmé qu'un nombre croissant d'immunisations avec un vaccin contenant les souches atténuées des sérotypes 1 à 6 du virus de la peste équine conduisait à une réponse plus large vis-à-vis des différents sérotypes et à des titres individuels plus élevés. Néanmoins, quelques chevaux ne répondent pas à un ou plusieurs sérotypes bien qu'ayant reçu de nombreuses immunisations; il est clair que l'on ne peut compter sur un vaccin ne contenant que les sérotypes 1 à 6 pour induire une immunité croisée adéquate pour les sérotypes 7 à 9. Les titres en anticorps les plus élevés et la réactivité croisée la plus large ont été observés dans un quatrième groupe de chevaux qui avait apparemment souffert recemment d'une infection naturelle. Chez sept poulains, les teneurs en anticorps provenant du colostrum avaient une bonne corrélation avec les taux en anticorps du sérum de leur mères, et le déclin des anticorps transmis passivement était proportionnel au titre initial. Pour quelques cas, les anticorps pour certains sérotypes sont déclinés à des taux non détectables en deux à quatre mois après la naissance, avec l'implication que la réceptivité à l'infection peut se manifester bien avant lâge de six à neuf mois communément recommandé pour l'immunisation initiale. La vaccination de huit poulains âgés de trois à quatre mois a résulté en une faible réponse en anticorps mais n'a pas affecté défavorablement les faibles titres préexistant d'anticorps maternels; l'immunisation précoce peut donc être recommandée pour tenter de contrôler les pertes en poulains recontréees au Zimbabwé.
    Abstract: Resumen Pruebas de seroneutralización para detectar los nueve seroptipos del virus de la peste equina africana, realizadas en tres grupos de caballos, confirmaron que un número significativo de inmunizaciones con vacunas con las correspondientes cepas de seis serotipos del virus, confirieron amplia inmunidad contra los diversos serotipos de la enfermedad y respuestas individuales altas. Sin embargo, algunos de los caballos no respondieron adecuadamente a uno o más serotipos, a pesar de varias inmunizaciones, evidenciándose que las vacunas contra los serotipos 1 al 6 no son confiables para esperar una adecuada inmunidad contra los serotipos 7 y 9 del virus. Un nivel más alto de anticuerpos y una mayor reactividad cruzada, se detectó en caballos que habían sufrido la enfermedad recientemente. Los niveles de anticuerpos adquiridos a través del calostro en siete potros, correlacionaron bien con el nivel de anticuerpos detectados en el suero de las madres. La tasa de desaparición de la inmunidad adquirida, fue proporcional a los títulos iniciales encontrados en las madres. Los anticuerpos contra los diversos serotipos del virus, declinaron hasta niveles indetectables entre dos y cuatro meses de edad, implicando que la susceptibilidad de la infección, puede ocurrir antes de los seis a nueve meses cuando se recomienda vacunar por primera vez. La vacunación de ocho potros a los tres y cuatro meses de edad, dió como resultado una pobre respuesta inmune sin que afectara el nivel de anticuerpos maternos presentes, de manera tal, que la inmunización temprana puede recomendarse para evitar pérdidas tempranas en potros en Zimbabwe.
    Notes: Summary Tests for neutralising (NT) antibodies to the nine serotypes of African horse sickness (AHS) virus on the sera of three groups of horses confirmed that an increasing number of immunisations with vaccine containing attenuated strains of serotypes 1 to 6 of the virus, leads to broader response to the various serotypes and to higher individual titres. Nevertheless some horses failed to respond to one or more serotypes despite receiving numerous immunisations and it was clear that vaccine containing only serotypes 1 to 6 could not be relied upon to induce adequate cross-immunity to serotypes 7 to 9 of the virus. Highest antibody titres and broadest cross-reactivity were recorded in a fourth group of horses which had apparently suffered natural infection recently. The levels of antibody acquired from colostrum by seven foals generally correlated well with the levels of antibody in the sera of their dams and the rate of decline of passively acquired antibody was proportional to initial titre. Antibodies to individual serotypes of virus declined to undetectable levels in two to four months from birth in some instances implying that susceptibility to infection could occur well before the age of six to nine months which is commonly recommended for initial immunisation. Vaccination of eight foals at three to four months of age resulted in weak antibody response but did not adversely affect pre-existing low levels of maternal antibody so that early immunisation could be recommended as a means for attempting to control the losses of foals experienced in Zimbabwe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 20 (1988), S. 169-176 
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Durant les neuf ans allant d'octobre 1972 à septembre 1981, le virus de la peste équine a été isolé à partir de 23 cas de maladie suspectée au Zimbabwé, et par la fixation du complément, des titres indicateurs d'une infection récente ont été détectés chez 49 autres chevaux. Les souches isolées appartenant à sept des neuf sérotypes connus du virus. En réponse à un questionnaire de 1980, les propriètaires de 20% (1654/8000) des chevaux du Zimbabwé ont indiqué qu'ils ont recontré 207 cas de peste équine diagnostiquée cliniquement, avec 107 mortalités entre 1975 et 1980. Cinquante-cinq cas, dont 50 mortaliltés, se sont produits chez des poulains, et beaucoup des autres cas ont été observés chez des chevaux qui avaient été vaccinés. Il est conclu que l'immunité engendrée par le vaccin, ainsi que l'immunité maternelle, nécessite d'autres recherches.
    Abstract: Resumen Se aisló virus de peste equina africana de 23 casos sospechosos de la enfermedad en Zimbabwe, detectándose infecciones recientes mediante fijación de complemento, en 49 caballos más. Los 23 aislamientos pertenecían a siete de los nueve serotipos conocidos de la enfermedad. Veinte por ciento de propietarios de equinos que respondieron a una encuesta formulada en 1980 (1654/8000), indicaron que habían reconocido 207 casos de la enfermedad, diagnosticados clínicamente, entre 1975 y 1980. Cincuenta y seis casos con 50 muertes ocurrieron en potros y los demás en caballos que habían sido vacunados. Se concluye, que se necesitan más investigaciones en cuanto a la inmunidad materna y aquella inducida por la vacuna ahora en al mercado.
    Notes: Summary During the nine years from October 1972 to September 1981 African horse sickness (AHS) virus was isolated from 23 suspected cases of the disease in Zimbabwe and complement fixation antibody titres indicative of recent infection were detected in a further 49 horses. The 23 isolations belonged to seven of the nine known serotypes of AHS virus. In response to a questionnaire in 1980 the owners of 20% (1,654/8,000) of the horses in Zimbabwe indicated that they had recorded 207 cases of clinically diagnosed AHS with 107 deaths from 1975 to 1980. Fifty-six cases with 50 deaths had occurred in foals and many of the other cases occurred in horses which had been vaccinated. It was concluded that the immunity induced by vaccine and maternal immunity warranted further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 2919-2925 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract CuInSe2 thin films were prepared by the selenization of metallic precursors in an atmosphere containing H2Se gas. Device-quality (homogeneous and dense films with excellent compositional uniformity) CuInSe2 films were obtained when Cu/In/Cu structures were exposed to H2Se/Ar while the temperature was ramped between 150 and 400°C. Auger studies indicated that the composition of the films was relatively uniform through their thickness. Transmission electron microscopy studies indicated that copper-rich samples exhibited large facetted grains (1–4 μm) with relatively low defect density. Indium-rich films were characterized by relatively small grains (0.2–0.8 μm), which were highly defected. CuInSe2/CdS/ZnO solar cells were fabricated using chemically etched (in KCN) copper-rich CuInSe2 absorber films, and conversion efficiencies of 5% were obtained without the use of an antireflection coating. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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