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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of tin in the rat and disturbances in the metabolism of zinc and copper due to repeated exposure to SnCl2 (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 47 (1981), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Tin-interactions-zinc-copper Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of stannous chloride on tissue concentrations of zinc and copper was studied in female rats. The animals were subjected to repeated exposure to seven doses given every other day 2 mg Sn/kg, subcutaneously. About 60% of tin 113Sn was retained in the body. Of this amount, about 95% accumulated in the skin and hair. In the remaining organs the tin concentrations corresponded to 2.57 to 0.0001% of the retained dose. In comparison with the control group a 3-fold increase of the content of zinc was found in the liver while a decrease were revealed in the spleen, heart, brain, lungs, and especially in muscle. A statistically significant decrease of the copper content was found in the blood and brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332392
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of selenium on the organ distribution and binding of bismuth in rat tissues (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 40 (1978), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Bismuth-organ distribution ; Bismuth-binding to kidney proteins ; Selenite-effect on distribution and bismuth binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach einmaliger und wiederholter subkutaner Verabreichung wurde Wismut zu mehr als 50% der „erreichbaren Menge” in den Nieren gefunden. Es war dort vorwiegend in der löslichen Frakion und in großem Umfang an einen Eiweißstoff vom Molekulargewicht 7000 gebunden. Bei wiederholter erabreichung von Wismut wurde auch dieser Eiweißstoff vermehrt gefunden. Die gleichzeitige Verabreichung von Selen erhöhte die „verfügbare Menge” von Wismut, wahrscheinlich wegen eingeschränkter Ausscheidung. Zugleich wurden Unterschiede in der Organverteilung von Wismut festgestellt. Der Anteil in den Nieren wirde geringer und derjenige in Leber und sonstigen. Organen größer. Der Eiweißkomplex mit dem Molekulargewicht 7000 verschwand gänzlich. Die durch Wismut stimulierte Synthese dieses Eiweißstoffes wirde aber nicht ganz verhindert.
    Notes: Abstract Subcutaneous administration of bismuth, both single and multiple, resulted in deposition of this metal mainly in the kidneys which contained over 50% of the ‘accessible pool’ of bismuth. In the kidneys bismuth was bound mainly by the soluble fraction in which it was complexed with a protein of molecular weight of about 7000. Multiple administration of bismuth increased the level of this protein. Selenite administration brought about an increase in the ‘accessible pool’ of bismuth, probably due to a drop in excretion, and also changes in the organ distribution of this metal. The retention in the kidneys was diminished while those in the liver and in other tissues were augmented. These changes were accompanied by a change in the chemical form of bismuth present in the kidneys manifested by the total disappearance of the protein complex of molecular weight of 7000. The increased synthesis of this protein due to bismuth administration was not abolished completely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01891968
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical alterations as measures of acute and subacute hepatotoxicity of 1,3-dibromobenzene in rat (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 71 (1996), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words 1 ; 3-Dibromobenzene  ;  Rats  ;  Porphyrinuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were used to study acute and subacute hepatotoxicity of 1,3-dibromobenzene (1,3-dBB). In the single-exposure experiment, maximum hepatic 1,3-dBB concentrations were found to occur 1 to 12 h after the exposure, depending on the dose. Maximum concentrations of covalently bound adducts were reached after 12 h. Depletion of hepatic glutathione (GSH) content occurred during the first 24 h following the exposure, but was not accompanied by changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. The increased number of doses also did not result in necrotic lesions of the liver. In the subacute (28-day) experiment, higher hepatic GSH levels and increased blood serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) activity were observed. Exposure to 1,3-dBB resulted in increased porphyrin excretion in urine, without accompanying increase in the removal of delta-aminolevulinic acid (AlA-U). The results indicate that subacute exposure to 1,3-dBB produces porphyrinuria in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050363
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatotoxicity of brominated benzenes: relationship between chemical structure and hepatotoxic effects in acute intoxication of mice (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 72 (1997), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Brominated benzenes ; Hepatotoxicity ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Brominated benzenes appear in the environment and human tissues. Their detection in the environment may be as a result of their usage, e.g. hexabromobenzene (HBB), and as products of HBB degradation or metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare liver impairment in acute intoxication of mice with bromobenzene (BB), 1,2,4-tribromobenzene (1,2, 4-triBB), 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (1,3,5-triBB), 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene (1,2,4,5-tetraBB) and hexabromobenzene (HBB). The data for these compounds were compared with the data obtained for dibromobenzenes (1,2-dBB, 1,3-dBB, 1,4-dBB). Male Balbc mice were administered the investigated compounds in single, intraperitoneal doses equal to 20–90% of the approximate lethal dose (ALD). Acute toxicity of bromobenzenes decreases with the increase of the number of bromine atoms in the molecule. All examined compounds decreased the liver glutathione (GSH) level in a short time following administration. Later in the experiment, GSH either returned to control values or the concentration increased. Changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in mice serum depended on the type of compound and the time of observation. BB, 1,2-dBB, 1,3-dBB and 1,2,4-triBB caused statistically significant increases (30- to 120-fold) in ALT activity. For the remaining compounds these changes were not significant being two- to threefold. Histopathological examination demonstrated that BB, 1,2-dBB, 1,3-dBB and 1,2,4-triBB resulted in coagulative or haemorrhagic necrosis in the liver central lobular zone. All investigated compounds resulted in the increase of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in serum and malondialdehyde concentration in liver. Octanol water partition coefficient (expressed as log P) and molecular volume (log V) were calculated for all examined compounds. With the increase of lipophilicity and molecule size, the ability of the examined compounds to decrease the level of GSH in mice liver and increase ALT activity in the serum diminishes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050474
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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