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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of rectus femoris were collected from cured ham muscles which had been massaged for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 or 24 hr with 0, 1, 2, or 3% of added salt in the presence or absence of 0.5% phosphate for examination with a scanning election microscope (SEM). After several hours of massaging, fiber disruption became evident. Further massaging resulted in longitudinal disruption of the fibers. Myofibrils were observed to separate and shred from the surface of the fibers. After 24 hr of massage, all treatments showed massive fiber disruption and loss of normal structural integrity. The effects of massaging were more pronounced in the presence of salts and phosphates at all time intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three commercially available brands of beef and pork frankfurters were compared by light and scanning electron microscopy for protein matrix structure and fat distribution within the sausages. One brand had a coarse protein matrix structure, large fat droplets and some large pieces of intact muscle, while a second brand had a more uniform fat and protein distribution with some visible muscle fragments present. A third brand of frank had uniformly small fat droplets evenly distributed in a protein matrix. Scanning electron micrographs show this frank to be a true meat emulsion. These observations show the wide variation between the microstructure of acceptable commercial frankfurters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of ultrasonic treatment on muscle microstructure, breaking strength, cook yield, and protein extractability of ground cured ham rolls. A miniaturized system was designed which subjected ground ham to slow mixing and ultrasonic treatment. The samples were mixed for various times up to 2 hr, then stuffed into stoppered glass tubes for cooking in 80°C water bath. Controls were treated similarly, but without ultrasonic treatment. Results showed that ultrasound caused changes in muscle microstructure, increased breaking strength as measured in g/cm2 on an Instron Universal Testing Machine, decreased cooking loss and increased the extractability of salt-soluble protein. Ultrasound had no effect on the extractability of water-soluble protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 41 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Beef rolls were prepared with coarse-ground beef (25.4 mm plate), 8% added water and either salt, salt plus 0.25% sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), soy isolate, textured soy protein and modified whey solids at 1, 2 or 3% levels. Binding strength was measured with an Instron as the amount of force necessary to break a beef roll across bridge widths of 75, 100, 125 and 150 mm. Binding strength increased as salt content increased from 1% to 3%. Cook yield increased from 79% with 1% salt to 93% with 3% salt. The addition of 0.25% TPP resulted in an additional increase in binding strength. Cook yield increased from 93% with 1% salt plus 0.25% TPP to 98% with 3% salt plus 0.25% TPP. The modified whey selids at 2% level had the highest binding strength of the nonmeat protein materials added. This was similar to 2 or 3% added salt. The soy isolate at 3% level resulted in the highest cook yield, 78%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of the tacky exudate formed on meat surfaces as a result of salt, phosphate and massaging were removed at intervals during 24 hr of massaging, and analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the relative percentage of various myofibrillar proteins present. The results showed that phosphate exerts the greatest effect on the relative percentages of actin, myosin and tropomyosin, and its action occurs primarily on meat surfaces before the massaging process is initiated. The massaging process involves great degrees of tissue destruction at the cellular level which aids in the extraction, solubilization, concentration and distribution of the major myofibrillar proteins on surfaces and in interiors of muscle chunks, which is beneficial in the improvement of binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of the tacky exudate formed on meat surfaces as a result of massaging muscle in the presence of salt and/or phosphate were removed at intervals during 24 hr of massaging and observed using a light microscope. Samples without added salt or phosphate showed broken fibers and fragments from fiber disruption. Samples with salt or phosphate showed both solubilized protein and fragments from fiber disruption. Samples with salt and phosphate showed primarily clouds of solubilized protein. Length of massaging enhanced the effects in all samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of the binding junction were removed from cooked ham rolls which had been stuffed at intervals during 24 hr of massaging in the presence of varying levels of salt (0, 1, 2 and 3%) and phosphate (0 and 0.5%) and examined using a light microscope to determine the micro-structural characteristics of junctions exhibiting good and poor binding characteristics. Junctions in low salt rolls (〈 2%) were filled with fat and cellular fragments. Junctions from rolls with adequate salt (〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00221147:JFDS493:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 2%) and phosphate (0.5%) exhibited good binding characteristics. These junctions were composed of aligned areas, and emulsion-like areas. Junctions from high salt and phosphate rolls showed a high degree of junction alignment and exhibited optimal binding characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Excised muscles from cured hams were massaged with 0, 1, 2 or 3% of added salt in the presence and absence of 0.5% phosphate. At intervals of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hr of massaging, muscles were removed and stuffed into fibrous casing for further processing. Samples of the tacky exudate formed on the meat surfaces were also removed at the same time intervals and analyzed for fat, moisture and protein. Results showed that as the massaging time increased, the percentage of fat and protein in the exudate increased in all treatments. The binding quality and cooking loss of the prepared ham rolls, were also improved by the massaging process. A salt treatment of 2% appeared to be optimal for the development of adequate binding with decreased cooking loss. It was found that the presence of phosphate and absence of massaging resulted in the production of a product exhibiting cooking loss and binding properties superior to those of a product prepared in the absence of phosphate and presence of massaging, although the presence of both massaging and phosphate is beneficial for the production of an overall superior product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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