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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 127 (Sept. 2007), p. 277-282 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Vjg"rwtrqug"qh"vjg"rtgugpv"uvwf{"ku"vq"enctkh{"vjg"tqqo"vgorgtcvwtg"oketq/dqpfkpi"dg/jcxkqt"dgvyggp"yktgu"cpf"hqknu."dcugf"qp"vjg"cfjgukqp"vjgqt{"cpf"gzrgtkogpvu0""Vjg"cvoqurjgtke"eqpfkvkqp"*xcewwo"fgitgg+"hqt"dqpfkpi"ycu"cdqwv"307z32/:"Rc0"Vjg"dqpfkpi"uwthcegu"ygtg"engcpgf"d{"ctiqp"kqp"kttcfkcvkqp"dghqtg"dqpfkpi0"Cfjgukqp"*eqpvcev+"ykfvj"nctign{"fgrgpfgf"qp"vjg"{kgnf"uvtguu"qh"vjg"uqhvgt"ogvcn0"Vjg"eqpvcev"ykfvj"ejcpigf"d{"tgrncekpi"vjg"ocvgtkcnu"qh"yktg"cpf"hqkn0"Hqt"gzcorng."vjg"eqpvcev"ykfvj"dgvyggp"Cn/yktg"cpf"Cw/hqkn"ycu"nguu"vjcp"vjcv"qh"Cw/yktg"cpf"Cn/hqkn."k0g0."vjg"eqpvcev"ykfvj"dgeqogu"nctigt"yjgp"uqhvgt"ogvcn"ku"wugf"cu"c"hqkn0""Vjg"cfjgukqp"dgvyggp"Cn"yktg"cpf"jctf"hqknu"vgpfu"vq"dg"hqtogf"kp"vjg"rgtkrjgt{0"Qp"vjg"qvjgt"jcpf."vjg"cfjgukqp"dgvyggp"Cn"hqkn"cpf"jctf"yktgu"ku"gcukn{"hqtogf"kp"vjg"egpvtcn"ctgc0
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Purkinje cells ; Migration ; Radial fibers ; Contact guidance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mode of Purkinje cell migration in the mouse cerebellar primordium was examined immunohistochemically, by marking Purkinje cells with anti-spot 35 antibody and labeling them with 5′-bromodeoxyuridine. The cells migrated radially from the neuroepithelium of the fourth ventricle towards the cortical surface between the 13th and 17th days (E13–E17) of gestation. Regional differences in the migratory process were evident: the final settlement of the Purkinje cells proceeded earlier in the lateral and posterior parts of the primordium, exhibiting latero-medial and posteroventral-anterodorsal diminishing sequences. To elucidate the factors involved in the migration, the arrangement of radial glial fibers, and expression of the cell adhesion molecule, tenascin, were examined immunohistochemically with the monoclonal antibody 1D11, a marker for both immature and mature astroglia, and an anti-tenascin antibody. At E14, 1D11-immunopositive fibers were seen to extend from the ventricle to the pial surface, and the cell bodies of immature glia migrated after E15 towards the cortex, shortening the radial processes whose end-feet were attached to the pia mater. Tenascin, which possesses a neuron-glial adhesiveness, was also expressed on the radial fibers during the migration of the Purkinje cells. The fibers were closely apposed to the migratory Purkinje cells, and their arrangement and orientation accorded with the migratory direction of the Purkinje cells. Further, changes in the molecular species of antigens detected by both the 1D11 and anti-tenascin antibodies were observed by immunoblotting analysis during the course of cerebellar development. These findings suggest that the arrangement of radial glia and expression of adhesion molecules may be involved in the control and guidance of Purkinje cell migration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; cDNA ; Chromosomal localization ; Intermediate filament protein ; Glioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We isolated three glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) cDNA clones from a glioma cell line, U-251 MG. One clone isolated from a U-251 MG cDNA library was long, but lacked both ends. Using poly(A)+ RNA and primers synthesized according to the sequence of this clone, we used the polymerase chain reaction-assisted rapid amplification of cDNA ends (PCR-RACE) method, which is a strategy to isolate cDNA ends, and obtained cDNA clones for the 5′ and 3′ ends. From the sequences of these overlapping clones, the complete nucleotide sequence of human GFAP cDNA was established. The start (ATG) and the stop (TGA) signals were seen at nucleotide positions 15 and 1311, respectively, and divided the entire sequence of 3027 bp into 14 bp of 5′ non-coding, 1296 bp of coding and 1717 bp of 3′ non-coding regions. Using cDNA probes made from both the coding and the 3′ non-coding regions, Northern blot hybridization was performed with two different stringencies on RNAs from human and rodent brains and human GFAP-positive and-negative cells. It was shown that the 3′ non-coding region probe was more specific for human GFAP than the coding region probe which was specific only under higher stringency conditions. This was also suggested by homology analysis of the sequence with those of various intermediate filament proteins. Based on these findings, we performed spot blot hybridization of sorted human chromosomes and Southern blot hybridization of PCR-amplified DNAs of a panel of hamster-human somatic cell hybrids and localized the human GFAP gene to chromosome 17.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 410 (2001), S. 560-562 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The ultimate limit in the operation of an electronic device is the manipulation of a single charge. Such a limit has been achieved in single-electron tunnelling devices. However, these devices are based on multiple tunnel barriers and conductive islands, which are complex structures to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Two polypeptide isoforms of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) with molecular masses of 72 and 67 kDa are produced by alternative splicing of the exon 12 portion. Our previous work has demonstrated that in the quaking mouse brain this alternative splicing is lacking and that the mRNA coding the large MAG isoform (L-MAG) is scarcely expressed, whereas that of small MAG isoform (S-MAG) is overexpressed. In the present study, we prepared antisera specific to the S-MAG and L-MAG amino acid residues, respectively. Immunoblots showed that the L-MAG band was scarcely detectable in the quaking mouse brain, whereas the S-MAG band had an apparently higher molecular mass than in the normal control. Our immunohistochemical study also showed that L-MAG was scarcely stained in the quaking mouse brain. These results seemed to reflect a reduction in content of L-MAG mRNA and abnormal glycosylation in the quaking mouse brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 50 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Spot 35 protein is a cerebellar Ca-binding protein. Because Southern blot analysis showed evidence for the nucleotide sequence of spot 35 protein cDNA in the rat genome, we applied cDNA to quantitate the mRNA of rat spot 35 protein. The size of this mRNA was about 1,900 nucleotides in length, and that of mRNA from bovine cerebellum was larger. We also examined the developmental changes and regional distribution of spot 35 protein mRNA in rat brains by dot-blot analysis using cDNA as a probe. During postnatal days 1–20, a rapid increase of mRNA levels was observed. Further, the level of mRNA for spot 35 protein was found in the cerebellum and was negligible in the cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The cDNA that accommodates the most distal 5′-end region of cholecystokinin mRNA was isolated from an internally primed cDNA library. Using primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analyses, we demonstrated multiple RNA molecules generated from the rat cholecystokinin gene, a single-copy sequence. The longest RNA is transcribed at position –225 upstream relative to the translation start site. The major transcription, more than 95% of the total cholecystokinin mRNA in rat brain, occurred at —59 and its promoter activity was determined by in vitro RNA synthesis in a HeLa cell extract. Deletion to –105 demonstrated an approximately 60% decrease in transcriptional level compared with the full promoter activity. At least the upstream region between –254 and –105 is necessary for transcription initiated at –59 of the cholecystokinin gene by the cell-free system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 1 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Clinical characteristics of prostate cancer patients were anatyzed to compare the rates of progression of prostate cancer between patients in Japan (Gunma Urological Oncology Study Group: GUOSG) and the USA (Roswell Park Cancer Institute: RPCI), between 1980 and 1989. The stage of disease was more advanced and the age was greater in GUOSG patients compared with RPCI patients. However, the prostate cancer death rate of stage D patients at RPCI was significantly higher than that of the GUOSG. Moreover, the survival rate of stage A patients in the GUOSG was better than that of RPCI patients. The possibility of biases which may affect both the clinical characteristics and survival rates in the 2 populations studied is discussed. To determine whether there is a real difference in the rate of prostate cancer growth between the 2 countries will require a prospective study, ideally conducted in large population groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 28 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Six microbial strains were inoculated into Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) juices and the effects of hydrostatic pressure on their viability were examined. Five micro-organisms were substantially inactivated under 400 MPa at room temperature for 5 min whereas B. subtilis survived. the effects achieved by treating at 57°C under 100 MPa for 5 min were comparable to those achieved by treating under 400 MPa at room temperature for 5 min. Pectin esterase was not inactivated even after treating at 600 MPa and 57°C for 5 min. Although the high pressure treatment exerted hardly any effect on juice chemical components, the pulp particle size distribution was slightly changed by treating under 600 MPa at room temperature for 30 min. Pressure treatment had little effect on the volatile flavour components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 347-349 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Clean polishing is performed by helium-ion etching on a surface of high-Tc YBa2Cu3O7−y. Based on a knock-on cascade model, the decrease of surface roughness is discussed. A rate process of etching is applied for the surface roughness of the high-Tc YBa2Cu3O7−y.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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