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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Expression of Cathepsins E and D in Neurons of the Aged Rat Brain and Their Colocalization with Lipofuscin and Carboxy-Terminal Fragments of Alzheimer Amyloid Precursor Protein (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 68 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Age-related changes in the expression and localization of two distinct intracellular aspartic proteinases, cathepsin E (CE) and cathepsin D (CD), were investigated in the rat cerebral cortex and the brainstem by immunocytochemical and quantitative methods using discriminative antibodies specific for each enzyme. Non-lysosomal CE was barely detectable in these two brain tissues in the embryonic stages, whereas relatively high expression of lysosomal CD was observed in embryonic tissues. After birth, CE was increasingly expressed in these tissues with aging to attain maximal levels at 30 months of age. Western blot analyses revealed that CE existed predominantly as the mature enzyme at 2 and 17 months of age, whereas it was present as not only the mature enzyme but also the proenzyme at 30 months of age. On the other hand, CD was mainly present in the mature form throughout development, although its level in these tissues was also significantly increased with aging. The CE-positive cortical and brainstem neurons of the aged rat corresponded well with cells emitting autofluorescence for lipopigments. By the double-staining technique, most of the CE-positive cortical and brainstem neurons of the aged rat were also positive for antibody to the carboxyl-terminal fragments of amyloid precursor protein (APP634–695), intracellular accumulation of which is thought to be associated with age-related changes in the endosome/lysosome system. It is important that electron microscopy revealed that CE in brainstem neurons of the aged rat colocalized with CD in the lipofuscin-containing lysosomes. These results indicate that aging results in the increased expression and lysosomal localization of CE in cortical and brainstem neurons and changes in the endosomal/lysosomal proteolytic system, which may be related to lipofuscinogenesis and altered intracellular APP metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68020739.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal Transplantation into Augmented Bladders (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 5 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Urinary bladder augmentation is gaining popularity for the treatment of dysfunctional bladders in renal transplant patients. Although reported cases of adult and pediatric transplants into the augmented bladder have been favorable, the potential risk of urinary tract infection and graft failure under immunosuppression is still disputable. We report our experiences with 4 patients who underwent renal transplantation into an augmented bladder. Methods: Between 1971 and 1996, 1275 renal transplants were performed at our institution. Of these transplants, 4 patients underwent renal transplantation into an augmented urinary bladder. Augmentation cystoplasty was performed before transplantation in 3 patients and 7 years after transplantation in the other patient. The bladder was augmented with an ileal segment in 3 patients and a ureter in the fourth patient. Craft function was assessed by the serum creatinine level. Fluorocystometrograms were performed in all patients at fixed intervals. Results: Posttransplant renal function was satisfactory overall and no patient exhibited proteinuria. All patients except 1 acquired a large capacity low pressure bladder and remained continent with clean intermittent catheterization. One patient who underwent ureterocystoplasty is still incontinent because of his relatively small bladder capacity. Posttransplant pyelonephritis was documented in 3 patients during the follow-up period, but no other complications were observed. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that renal transplantation into extensively reconstructed bladders can be safely performed with good success. Although urinary tract infection is a major consideration, we recommend pretransplant reconstruction not only to preserve graft function, but also to achieve urinary continence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1998.tb00381.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodontal ligament cells secrete the factor that inhibits osteoclastic differentiation and function: the factor is osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 36 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The periodontal ligament, a highly specialized connective tissue situated between the tooth and the alveolar bone of the tooth socket, has been thought to influence the remodeling of the alveolar bone. The effects of two human periodontal ligament fibroblastic cell populations (HPLFs) on osteoclast-like cell (OCL) formation and the function of authentic osteoclasts were examined. The addition of the conditioned media (CM) from both HPLF cultures (HPLF-CMs) to mouse bone marrow culture inhibited OCL formation in spite of the presence of 10−8 m 1α, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3(1α,25(OH)2D3). This inhibitory effect was most remarkable when both CMs were added during day 6 to day 9 following bone marrow culture, just at the late stage of OCL differentiation. HPLF-CMs also induced a significant decrease in the pit area and the pit number formed by authentic osteoclasts on ivory slices. The administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibody (OI-1) against human osteoprotegerin (OPG)/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) with HPLF-CMs to mouse bone marrow culture almost completely blocked the inhibitory effect of these CMs on OCL formation. Immunofluorescent examination of HPLF with OI-1 revealed intense positive reactivity in the cytoplasm. Western blot analysis of HPLF-CM using anti-human OPG/OCIF polyclonal antibody resulted in the detection of bands of 60 kDa and 120 kDa which were consistent with those of OPG/OCIF. These results suggest that HPLF cells produce and secrete OPG/OCIF, and that this factor from HPLF prevents the differentiation of the late preosteoclast and the function of the mature osteoclasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2001.00604.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase II study of prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy with epirubicin in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 35 (1994), S. S60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Prophylactic treatment ; Epirubicin ; Superficial bladder cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intravesical instillation of epirubicin was carried out to investigate the efficacy of this treatment in preventing postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. The subjects were 100 patients who had been treated with transurethral resection (TUR) for superficial transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder (classified as primary or recurrent superficial bladder cancer of pathological stage Tis, Ta, or T1 and histological grade G1, G2, or G3) at Tokyo Women's Medical College Hospital and its affiliated hospitals during the 2-year period ranging from April of 1990 through March of 1992. A solution of epirubicin was prepared by dissolving 20 mg in 30 ml physiological saline, and this was instilled into the bladder a total of 17 times during 1 year: once immediately after TUR, once every 2 weeks for the next 4 months, and then once per month for the following 8 months. Thereafter, the course of each patient was followed by performing urinary cytodiagnosis once each month and cystoscopy once every 3 months. Of the 100 patients, 83 were evaluable. The mean duration of follow-up was 461±222 days, and the recurrence rate was 30.1% (25/83 cases). The recurrence rate determined for primary cases was 19.7%, whereas that recorded for recurrent cases was 61.9%. Adverse effects occurred in 9.3% (9/97) of the patients, but these side effects were mild in severity and the instillation regimen did not have to be discontinued in any of the patients. Analysis of the risk factors for recurrence revealed significantly higher recurrence in the recurrent-patient group and the multiple-tumor group. On the basis of these findings, the authors surmised that when given in an intravesical instillation regimen, epirubicin causes few adverse effects, and its efficacy in the prophylaxis of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer is equivalent to that thus for reported for other drugs. At present, the authors are carrying out a controlled clinical study on epirubicin that takes into account the risk factors for recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686922
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retroviral transduction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 enhances endothelial attachment of bladder cancer (1997)
    Springer
    Urological research 25 (1997), S. 401-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: ICAM-1 ; Transitional cell carcinoma ; Metastasis ; Endothelium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-negative RT4 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell line was transducted with full-length ICAM-1 cDNA via a retroviral vector. Flow cytometry showed that a sense-oriented clone (S20) highly expressed ICAM-1 while an anti-sense clone (AS6) did not. Both S20 and AS6 bound with equal frequency (30 ± 8.7% vs 30 ± 9.4%) to unstimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in cell attachment assays. However, when phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-activated T lymphocytes, which express lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), were cocultured with tumor cells, attachment of S20 increased twofold (60 ± 11.9%) but AS6 showed no change (32 ± 11%). Blocking studies with anti-LFA-1 and anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibodies caused an inhibition of the attachment to baseline levels, demonstrating that the enhancement of S20 attachment was dependent upon the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction. Enhanced attachment of S20 was not inhibited by the addition of isotypic immunoglobulin G. These results suggest that LFA-1-expressing leukocytes may act as a bridge between the endothelium and tumor cells which express ICAM-1 and, thereby, enhance the potential for hematogenous metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01268855
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transplantation of kidneys donated from the USA: Long-term results and viability testing using31P-MRS (1996)
    Springer
    Transplant international 10 (1996), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Organ sharing, Japan, USA ; Japan, USA, organ sharing ; 31P Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, viability ; Viability,31P Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since June 1983, 27 kidneys have been shipped to the Kidney Center at the Tokyo Women's Medical College (TWMC) from the United States. These organs were divided into two groups, based on the years of their donation; 13 kidneys were assigned to group 1 and 14 to group 2. The differences between the two groups were as follows: donor age 19.8 ± 10.0 years vs 51.9 ± 14.5 years in group 2 (P 〈 0.0001); total ischemic time 42 h 12 min in group 1 vs 65 h 42 min in group 2 (P = 0.0002); and Euro-Collins preservation solution in group 1 vs University of Wisconsin (UW) solution in group 2. One hundred percent of the kidneys in group 1 and 85.7 % of those in group 2 recovered their function. The lowest serum creatinine levels averaged 96 ± 38.4 μmol/l and 185.8 ± 101.0 μmol/l, respectively (P = 0.01). The viability of 9 out of 14 grafts in group 2 were tested using31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). The results showed that all of the grafts having a monophosphate/inorganic phosphate (MP/Pi) ratio higher than 0.3 recovered their function and those lower than 0.2 did not. The problems associated with international organ sharing are discussed, along with the difficulties encountered at TWMC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044335
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic effect of donor-specific blood transfusion and a short course of deoxyspergualin in rat kidney transplantation (1996)
    Springer
    Transplant international 9 (1996), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Donor-specific transfusion, rat, kidney ; Kidney, rat, donor-specific transfusion ; Deoxyspergualin, kidney, rat ; Rat, kiney, deoxyspergualin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Deoxyspergualin (DSG), an analogue of spergualin produced by B. laterosporus, has a strong immunosuppressive effect in various transplantation models. We have investigated the mechanism of donor-specific prolongation of survival time in rat kidney grafting by donor-specific blood transfusion (DST) and a short course of DSG. Lewis (LEW) kidney allografts were transplanted into fully allogeneic BN rats. Fresh, whole LEW blood 1.0 ml, was injected i.v. into BN rats 2 days prior to transplantation. Then, DSG, 6 mg/kg per day, was administered by i.m. injection on days 0, 1, and 2 after transplantation. The recipients were divided into five groups: group 1 (n=6) no treatment: group 2 (n=6) DST only; group 3 (n=7) DSG only; group 4 (n=7) DST and DSG; and group 5 (n=6), third party (ACI rats) blood transfusion and DSG. Lymphocytes (cervical lymph nodes) and serum were harvested from BN recipients on day 7 postgrafting. For suppressor cell assays, lymphocytes from BN recipients in each group were added as a third cell to the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLC) between nontransplanted BN lymphocytes (responder) and LEW or other third party (PVGC, ACI, WKA rats) lymphocytes (stimulator). Antidonor lymphocytotoxic antibody (ADLA) was checked by microcytotoxicity assays. Median survival times (MST) for each group were: group 1, 10 days; group 1, 10 days; group 3, 13 days; group 4, 75 days; and group 5, 13 days. Remarkable prolongation of MST was only noted in group 4. In the suppressor cell assay, group 4 showed significant suppression (40%; P〈0.05); the other groups did not show any suppression. This suppressive activity in group 4 was effective only during the MLC between BN and LEW, not during the MLC of third party-BN combinations. Thus, suppressor cells from DST/DSG-treated BN recipients appear to be donor-specific. In the microcytotoxicity assay, the only group that showed any ADLA was group 2, which was not treated with DSG. These results clearly show that both induction of donor-specific suppressor cells and inhibition of ADLA production are associated with the remarkable donor-specific prolongation of kidney allograft survival in DST/DSG-treated recipients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335694
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial kidney transplantation: a successful kidney transplantation in a child with severe cardiac failure by surgical mass reduction of an adult donor kidney (1993)
    Springer
    Transplant international 6 (1993), S. 173-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Kidney transplantation, child ; Child, kidney transplantation, reduced size ; Reduced size kidney transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on a trial of partial kidney transplantation performed on a low body weight child with impaired cardiac function due to mitral valve stenosis and uremic cardiomyopathy. The weight of the donated kidney was successfully reduced by one-third using bench surgery in order to obtain sufficient graft perfusion and function. Our procedure is justified when a graft is too large to be adequately perfused in a recipient suffering from cardiac failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336364
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