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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analgesia Following Defeat in an Aggressive Encounter: Development of Tolerance and Changes in Opioid Receptors (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 467 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb14615.x
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  • 2
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    The Development of a Scale to Rate the Relative Significance of Secondary School Teaching Practices (1963)
    Bloomington, Ill. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Educational Research. 57:2 (1963:Oct.) 102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0671
    Topics: Education
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1123-1963-057-02-000014
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractionation of Phosphorus in a Mollisol Amended with Biosolids (1999)
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 63 (1999), S. 1174-1180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Populus ×euramericana— clone NC-5326) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)], and four replications per treatment. The Hedley fractionation scheme (dividing soil P into six empirical fractions [water-soluble, NaHCO3-soluble inorganic and organic P; NaOH-soluble inorganic and organic P; HCl-soluble P, and residual P)] was employed. After 6 yr of continuous application of biosolids to poplar plots, the absolute concentrations of all P fractions at the 0- to 5-cm depth increased significantly (P 〈 0.05). Some P fractions at the 5- to 20-cm depth increased significantly, whereas at the 20- to 35-cm depth, none of the fractions was affected by biosolids amendment. At the 0- to 5-cm depth of both poplar tree and switchgrass plots, the relative concentrations of some of the P fractions (e.g., HCl–P, NaOH–OP, and residual P) decreased rather than increased. Because NaHCO3–IP and H2O–P increased in the biosolids-amended soil at rates disproportionate to their concentrations in the biosolids, we conclude that HCl–P applied with biosolids was transformed to more labile forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic morphine administration augments benzodiazepine binding and GABAA receptor function (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 101 (1990), S. 545-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Naltrexone ; GABA ; Benzodiazepine ; Chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Behavioral and neurochemical evidence indicates links between the opioid and GABA neurotransmitter systems. To assess effects of chronic opiates on the major site of postsynaptic GABAergic activity, the GABAA receptor, we administered chronic morphine and naltrexone to mice and evaluated binding at the benzodiazepine andt-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) sites and GABA-dependent chloride uptake. After morphine (3 days), benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo but not in vitro was increased in cortex compared to placebo-treated mice. TBPS binding was unchanged in cortex, but muscimol-stimulated chloride uptake was increased at low doses of muscimol. Benzodiazepine and TBPS binding and muscimol-stimulated chloride uptake were unchanged in naltrexone-(8 days) compared to placebo-treated mice. When naltrexone was administered previously to block opiate sites, the increases in benzodiazepine binding and chloride uptake observed with chronic morphine were reversed. These results indicate that chronic morphine but not naltrexone enhances benzodiazepine binding and GABAA receptor function, perhaps by an action at opioid receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244235
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naloxone injections into the periaqueductal grey area and arcuate nucleus block analgesia in defeated mice (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Analgesia ; Aggression ; Defeat ; Pain ; Naloxone ; Morphine ; Adrenal glands ; Adrenalectomy ; Microinjection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a situation of social conflict, mice that are defeated by an opponent exhibit a marked analgesia. Microinjections of naloxone (1 or 10 μg) into the periaqueductal grey area (PAG) or into the region of the arcuate nucleus prior to the defeat prevented the emergence of analgesia. Microinjections of morphine (5 μg) into these sites had previously been shown to produce profound analgesia. Mice whose adrenals were removed rapidly developed analgesia when attacked by a stimulus animal. Injection of naloxone into PAG also antagonized defeat-induced analgesia in adrenalectomized mice. These observations indicate that sites and processes in the brain rather than in the periphery are responsible for the development of analgesia in mice that are subjected to social defeat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431775
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling chemical processes using prior knowledge and neural networks (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1328-1340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We present a method for synthesizing chemical process models that combines prior knowledge and artificial neural networks. The inclusion of prior knowledge is investigated as a means of improving the neural network predictions when trained on sparse and noisy process data. Prior knowledge enters the hybrid model as a simple process model and first principle equations. The simple model controls the extrapolation of the hybrid in the regions of input space that lack training data. The first principle equations, such as mass and component balances, enforce equality constraints. The neural network compensates for inaccuracy in the prior model. In addition, inequality constraints are imposed during parameter estimation. For illustration, the approach is applied in predicting cell biomass and secondary metabolite in a fed-batch penicillin fermentation. Our results show that prior knowledge enhances the generalization capabilities of a pure neural network model. The approach is shown to require less data for parameter estimation, produce more accurate and consistent predictions, and provide more reliable extrapolation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400806
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