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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 67 (1995), S. 519-521 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 3128-3130 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report on a fabrication technique for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tips for in situ electrochemical investigations. Unwanted Faradaic currents were minimized by insulating the STM tips with Apiezon wax. Cyclic voltammetry showed Apiezon wax to be inert in various electrolytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 427-431 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interaction between a vapor and a thin film adsorbed on one side of a bimaterial microcantilever produces differential stress, resulting in readily measurable curvatures of the cantilever structure. Depending upon the system studied, there exist two types of gas–solid interaction: bulk-like absorption and surface-like adsorption. The absorption of hydrogen into palladium results in film expansion whose magnitude is governed by hydrogen partial pressure. The bending of a bimaterial microcantilever (palladium/silicon) due to hydrogen absorption depends on the thickness of the palladium film and is reversible but rate limited by a surface barrier. In contrast, the stress induced by adsorption of mercury onto a bimaterial (gold/silicon) cantilever is irreversible at room temperature, is rate limited by surface coverage, and is independent of the gold–film thickness. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sensing devices designed to detect explosive vapours are bulky, expensive and in need of technological improvement — dogs remain the most effective detectors in the fight against terrorism and in the removal of land-mines. Here we demonstrate the deflagration of trinitrotoluene (TNT) in a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3618-3622 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is well known that bimetallic microcantilevers can exhibit static deflection as a result of thermal effects, including exothermic adsorption of chemicals on their surfaces. It is shown here that the resonance frequency of a cantilever can change due to a combination of mass loading and change of spring constant resulting from adsorption of chemicals on the surface. Cantilevers also undergo static bending that is induced by differential surface stress. The magnitude of these effects depends upon the chemical properties of the surface and upon the amount of material adsorbed. Hence cantilever deflection as well as resonance frequency change can be used as the basis for development of novel chemical sensors. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 7905-7910 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cobalt nitride films, CoN, in a pure form and also as a nanocomposite in boron nitride or silicon nitride were generated by reactive sputtering of cobalt metal, cobalt boride, or cobalt silicide as targets, respectively, in a nitrogen plasma. Cobalt nitride decomposes into the elements by heating under vacuum at 500 °C. The nanostructure of the composites was preserved in the heating treatment thus creating a fine dispersion (〈10 nm) of cobalt particles, in a ceramic matrix. The magnetic properties of the nanocomposites were established. The precursor cobalt nitride is paramagnetic while the cobalt dispersions, having dimensions smaller than single magnetic domain, show characteristics typical of those systems such as superparamagnetism and, at temperatures lower than the blocking temperature, marked hysteresis. The coercive fields at 5 K for the BN and Si3N4 nanocomposites are 3250 and 850 Oe, respectively. These films are of interest as data recording media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 1465-1469 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: One-dimensional harmonic oscillator theory was used to model tapping-mode atomic force microscope (TMAFM) operation in the near-contact region in the presence of gases and liquids. The force derivative of the tip-sample interaction changes the vibration amplitude and frequency at maximum amplitude of the cantilever. Additionally, the interaction is hydrodynamically damped by fluid motion around the tip and between the tip and the surface. Good agreement was found between theoretical and experimental amplitude as a function of height. For a sample-driven TMAFM operating in fluids, the cantilever can be very soft (spring constant (very-much-less-than)1 N/m) and operated at frequencies well above the fundamental. Under these conditions the cantilever and sample appear to act with a high spring constant, much like that used in a gaseous operation. The tip–sample interaction in the fluid is still mediated through the force derivative of the sample. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3662-3667 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The advent of inexpensive, mass-produced microcantilevers promises to bring about a revolution in the field of chemical and physical sensor design. In this paper, a novel class of highly sensitive sensors are discussed that are based on commercially available microcantilevers, such as those used in atomic force microscopy. When coated with a sensitizing overlayer, these microcantilevers show significant changes in two independent analyte-induced signals, resonance frequency and static bending, as the result of exposure to various chemical and physical phenomena. Resonance frequency shift has the particular advantage of being relatively insensitive to interference from external factors such as thermal drift. Examples of micromechanical sensors based on this approach that are capable of detecting mercury vapor (with a sensitivity of 1.25 Hz/pg and linear correlation of 0.998), relative humidity (55 Hz/%R.H., correlation=0.999), or optical irradiation (10 Hz/nJ response) are discussed in detail, along with the effects of coatings on sensitivity, linearity, and reversibility of response. Further, extension of this tremendously flexible concept into a universal detection paradigm for chemical and physical phenomena is examined. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3434-3439 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of microcantilever-based optical detection is demonstrated. Microcantilevers may provide a simple means for developing single-element and multielement infrared sensors that are smaller, more sensitive, and lower in cost than quantum well, thermoelectric, or bolometric sensors. Here we specifically report here on an evaluation of laboratory prototypes that are based on commercially available microcantilevers, such as those used in atomic force microscopy. In this work, optical transduction techniques were used to measure microcantilever response to remote sources of thermal energy. The noise equivalent power at 20 Hz for room temperature microcantilevers was found to be approximately 3.5 nW/(square root of)Hz, with a specific detectivity of 3.6×107 cm Hz1/2/W, when an uncoated microcantilever was irradiated by a low-power diode laser operating at 786 nm. Operation is shown to be possible from dc to kHz frequencies, and the effect of cantilever shape and the role of absorptive coatings are discussed. Finally, spectral response in the midinfrared is evaluated using both coated and uncoated microcantilevers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 394-399 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The conventional deflection-mode atomic force microscope operates by optically monitoring the slope near the end of a microcantilever in contact with the sample surface. This signal is usually interpreted as a measure of height change. Lateral forces from friction, surface geometry, or inclination of the cantilever to the surface also affect the slope due to cantilever buckling. We calculate the deflection of a hollow triangular model cantilever subject to both lateral and normal forces. The measured response of the servo circuit to an inclined, loaded cantilever is then determined. This shows (1) errors are always present in height measurements of structures on inhomogeneous surfaces; (2) the sensitivity to buckling can be reduced by repositioning the laser; (3) friction measurements can be accurately made by scanning in two directions and applying the proper calibration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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