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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 109 (1987), S. 6506-6508 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Logistics information management 15 (2002), S. 58-71 
    ISSN: 0957-6053
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Work-zone delay is very costly to the movement of goods and people. It is increasingly problematic for logistics management if the travel time or delay information cannot be estimated in an accurate way. This paper describes a study to investigate the effects of work zones, enhance computer-based capability to estimate the associated work-zone delays, assess the interrelationship of significant factors that affect work-zone delays and develop a user-friendly tool to assist transportation operations and logistics planning. A computerized information system, called lane-occupancy-delay estimation system (LODES), is developed to assess work-zone delays that may affect short- or long-term logistic activities. The results from trials and their implications are discussed and, finally, areas of further research are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pressureless sintering studies have been conducted for excess Al2O3, stoichiometric, and excess MgO compositions of MgAl2O4 at 1500-1625°C. Initial powders of various compositions are prepared by solid-state reaction of MgO and Al2O3. A Brouwer defect equilibrium diagram is constructed that assumes intrinsic defects of the Schottky type. The densification rate derived from sintering kinetics is compared with the compositions investigated when the concentration is converted to the activity of the two oxide components in MgAl2O4. The grain-size exponent of p similar/congruent 3 suggests that densification takes place by a lattice-diffusion mechanism in the solid state. Determined activation enthalpies of 489-505 kJmol-1 are close to those obtained from oxygen self-diffusion derived in previous sintering studies. It is, therefore, proposed that oxygen lattice diffusion through vacancies is the rate-controlling mechanism for the sintering of nonstoichiometric MgAl2O4 compositions. The discrepancy between densification-rate ratios in experimental results and oxygen vacancy concentration in the Brouwer diagram is accounted for by the defect associates formed in the nonstoichiometric compositions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sintering of magnesium aluminate spinel of the MgO-excess, stoichiometric, and Al2O3-excess compositions has been investigated under vacuum and in air for the effect of low oxygen partial pressures. Densification enhancement of the surface layer is due to MgO evaporation which generates oxygen vacancies in the host crystal lattice. Regions of different grain sizes are observed from samples sintered under both conditions. Microstructural features of pairwise breakup of particle chains representing differential sintering are characteristic of the less-densified sample interior. The densification improved initially and yet was retarded in the intermediate sintering stage when the density exceeded 75% with vacuum-sintering owing to MgO evaporation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCCs) that are composed of a RuO2-based resistor and a cordierite–glass substrate have been sintered at temperatures of 850° and 900°C. The microstructure of the resistor/substrate interface has been investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and its correlation to the overall resistance has been discussed. X-ray diffractometry has revealed that lead ruthenate pyrochlore (Pb2Ru2O6.5) in peak-fired thick-film resistors (TFRs) disappears and the co-fired samples contain only RuO2 in the resistor film when sintered at 900°C. The overall resistance of the LTCC resistors is increased by a factor of ∼3 when temperature is increased from 850°C to 900°C. The cordierite–glass composition of the initial substrate reacts with glass in the resistor film. The greatly extended layer of the resistor/substrate interface that contains the conductor particles is either broad or diffuse, which contrasts the abrupt interface that often is observed in conventional TFRs. This layer contains predominantly faceted platelike crystals of anorthite, in addition to other phases (such as diopside, sapphirine, and cristobalite) that apparently crystallize during co-firing as vitrification and chemical reactions between glass compositions of the substrate and the resistor occur. The increase in the resistance of the LTCC resistors is attributed to the interruption of the conducting path by platelike anorthite crystals that are produced in the resistor/substrate interface when subjected to co-firing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of food quality 27 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A grading system was developed to classify shiitake automatically into various grades of quality in terms of size, shape and color. A shiitake is scanned with a color charge-coupled-device camera and then various geometrical and color characteristics are determined by image processing. The online grading procedure includes the following sequences in processing dried shiitake: (a) color abnormality is eliminated by image analysis; (b) broken caps are detected by calculation of the area-to-perimeter ratio; and (c) size is determined by pixel counting from the bottom view. Image processing and algorithmic manipulations are done on a personal computer (PC) while grading is carried out by a programmable logic controller (PLC). The PLC accepts grading instructions from the PC, hence controls the grading mechanisms. Pilot system validation was done on 250 dried shiitake samples and resulted in a 97.6% accuracy rate. This result is better than that by visual inspection. A complete grading cycle takes 4.8 s, of which the PC unit participates 0.3–0.7 s depending on the physical complexity of the shiitake being processed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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