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  • 1
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Amphotericin B ist die einzige antimykotisch wirkende Substanz, die trotz ihrer dosislimitierenden Toxizität intravenös gegeben werden kann, wenn eine aggressive Behandlung erforderlich ist. In der Absicht, die medikamentös-toxischen Nebenwirkungen bei gleichbleibender therapeutischer Wirksamkeit zu reduzieren, wurden neue Formulierungen von Amphotericin B entwickelt. Am erfolgversprechendsten erwies sich bisher die Verwendung von Lipiden als Trägersubstanzen. Bis jetzt wurden drei lipid-gebundene Amphotericin-B-Formulierungen von pharmazeutischen Unternehemen entwickelt, die zur Zeit klinisch geprüft werden. Es werden Angaben zur Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit dieser Derivate bei Tieren und Menschen zusammenfassend dargestellt, insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung der Kryptokokken-Infektion. Die Autoren berichten über ihre Erfahrungen mit einer kleinen unilamellären liposomalen Amphotericin-B-Formulierung (AmBisome™) in der Primärtherapie der Kryptokokkose. Neun Patienten mit AIDS und Kryptokokken-Infektion (sieben Patienten hiervon mit Meningitis) erhielten AmBisome™ (3 mg/kg/Tag) über 3–6 Wochen. Vollständige Remissionen wurden bei sechs Patienten erreicht, eine deutliche Besserung bei zwei Patienten. Bei einem Patienten versagte die Therapie. AmBisome™ wurde gut vertragen und verkürzte das Zeitintervall bis zur klinischen und mykologischen Besserung, was eine weitere Verbesserung in der Therapie der Kryptokokkose bedeuten kann.
    Notes: Summary Amphotericin B is the only antifungal drug which, despite its dose-limiting toxicity, can be given intravenously when an aggressive treatment is required. In an attempt to reduce the drug toxicity while retaining its therapeutic efficacy, new formulations of amphotericin B have been developed. The most promising have employed lipid vehicles such as liposomes. Three lipid-based amphotericin B formulations have been developed by pharmaceutical companies and are under active clinical investigation. Efficacy and safety data of these derivatives in animals and humans are reviewed, with particular concern to cryptococcal infection. The authors' experience with a small unilamellar liposomal amphotericin B formulation, AmBisome, in the primary therapy of cryptococcosis is reported. Nine AIDS patients affected with cryptococcosis, seven of whom had meningitis, were given AmBisome (3 mg/kg/day) for 3–6 weeks. Complete response was obtained in six patients, marked improvement in two, and failure in one. AmBisome was well tolerated and shortened the time to clinical and mycological response suggesting a further improvement in the management of cryptococcosis in AIDS patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Opportunistic fungal infections ; Liver transplant ; Antifungal treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Between June 1988 and May 1991 88 orthotopic liver transplants and 1 liver and pancreas transplant were performed at the Liver Transplantation Department of the Ospedale Maggiore of Milan. All the patients underwent mycological surveillance and received antifungal prophylaxis with oral amphotericin B (6000 mg/day) or oral or intravenous fluconazole (200 mg/day) from the time of their transplant. The incidence of Candida colonization was 67%. Fluconazole was superior to oral amphotericin B in the treatment of C. albicans colonization (99 vs 15), but less effective in the treatment of colonization by other Candida spp. (03 vs 33). Deep-seated candidiasis developed in 5 patients, caused by C. albicans in 4 cases and C. krusei in 1. C. albicans infection resolved rapidly with fluconazole in 2 subjects, with intravenous amphotericin B alone in 1, and with amphotericin B plus flucytosine in the other. On the contrary, C. krusei infection did not respond to treatment with amphotericin B combined with flucytosine. Aspergillosis was diagnosed in 11 patients, of whom 4 died from invasive aspergillosis, despite 15 and 26 days of amphotericin B treatment in 2. In another patient invasive aspergillosis, diagnosed a few hours before retransplantation, improved with liposomal amphotericin B, but this man died from cytomegalovirus infection one month later. Aspergillosis was eradicated by itraconazole in 4 other patients and by topical amphotericin B in 2 whose infection was localized to surgical wound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Penicilliosis marneffei ; Drug addict ; AIDS ; Thailand ; Italy - Serology ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of disseminated penicilliosis marneffei, the first to be diagnosed in Italy, is described in a male HIV-positive drug addict. The patient had visited Thailand several times in the two years prior to his hospitalization. The presenting signs were fever, productive cough, facial skin papules and pustules, nodules on both thumbs and oropharyngeal candidiasis. Penicillium marneffei was isolated from a series of blood specimens with the lysis centrifugation procedure. Septate, yeast-like cells were observed in histological sections of the nodules and sputum smears. The patient was treated for 6 weeks with amphotericin B (total dosage 1,400 mg) and flucytosine (150 mg/kg/die) for the first 3 weeks. Prompt clinical improvement and sterilization of all biological specimens were attained. Itraconazole was administered as maintenance therapy (400 mg/die for the first month and 200 mg afterward). During the follow-up period, no relapse was observed. The patient, however, did succumb to a variety of non-mycotic infections and died nine months after start of therapy. At autopsy, P. marneffei was not detected in his tissues. Serological studies were performed with a micro-immunodiffusion procedure using a mycelial culture filtrate antigen of P. marneffei. Sera taken early in the course of the disease gave positive antibody reactions. Whereas sera taken 3–5 months following therapy were negative. All known cases of penicilliosis marneffei in bamboo rats and in humans among the inhabitants and visitors to the endemic areas of P. marneffei in South East Asia and Indonesia are summarized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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