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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: CNS plaque development in unsuppressed and suppressed animals (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 43 (1978), S. 43-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Autoimmune demyelination ; Multiple sclerosis ; Remyelination ; Suppression ; Myelin basic protein ; Chronic relapsing EAE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Central nervous system (CNS) lesion morphology has been studied in inbred Strain 13 guinea pigs sensitized for chronic relapsing EAE in which the disease was either left to develop (unsuppressed) or was suppressed with injections containing myelin basic protein (MBP). Pathologic changes correlated well with clinical activity. In unsuppressed chronic EAE animals, active clinical disease was invariably matched by acute inflammation in the CNS. In more chronic states, the CNS displayed fibrosis and remyelination while response showed the CNS to contain recent changes superimposed upon old lesions. In animals in which the disease was suppressed by injections of MBP, clinical signs did not develop. However, some early subclinical changes were seen morphologically. These lesions were able to remyelinate early on and there was no progression in lesion formation. Apparently, therefore, MBP had a beneficial effect upon the course of the disease and had promoted structural repair. It thus appears that MBP therapy might be one effective approach for the prevention of chronic relapsing EAE. The findings should prove relevant to future MBP trials in multiple sclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684997
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetanus-Antitoxin in Serum und Liquor bei Virusmeningitis (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 655-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Tetanus Antitoxins ; Mumps meningitis ; Antibody distribution ; Antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid ; Tetanus-Antitoxin ; Mumpsmeningitis ; Antikörperverteilung ; Antikörper im Liquor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 58 Kindern, 35 Knaben und 23 Mädchen, die an viralen Meningitiden erkrankt waren, wurden in Serum und Liquor Tetanus-Antitoxine bestimmt. Ferner wurden die Immunglobuline IgG, IgA und IgM untersucht. Im Liquor erfolgte noch die Bestimmung von Gesamteiweiß und Zellzahl. Das Auftreten von Tetanus-Antitoxinen im Liquor scheint einerseits von den Absolutwerten der Antitoxine im Serum abzuhängen, aber auch vom jeweiligen Anteil der Tetanus-Antitoxine am IgG Gehalt des Serums. Dabei zeigte sich, daß dieses Verhältnis in Serum und Liquor in gleichen Größenordnungen liegt. Der Nachweis von Tetanus-Antitoxin im Liquor bei Virusmeningitis weist darauf hin, daß ein rein qualitativer Antikörpernachweis im Liquor alleine keine diagnostische Aussagekraft hat, sondern diese möglicherweise erst durch quantitative Vergleiche mit den Antitoxinwerten und Immunglobulinen in Serum und Liquor erhält.
    Notes: Summary Tetanus antitoxins were measured in serum and cerebro spinal fluid from 58 children — 35 boys and 23 girls — with viral meningitis. The concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM were also determined. The appearance of tetanus antitoxins in cerebral spinal fluid depends on absolute antitoxin levels in serum as well as on the antitoxin/IgG ratio. Antitoxin/IgG ratios in serum and cerebro spinal fluid were in the same order of magnitude. Detection of tetanus antitoxins in the cerebral spinal fluid of children with viral meningitis shows clearly that antibody found in cerebral spinal fluid is not an absolute proof of a certain disease. The results further indicate that local production of IgG antibody cannot be postulated by detecting certain antibodies in the CSF. It is also necessary to prove that antibody/globulin ratios are of significantly different magnitude in serum and CFS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477019
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of α, β, and γ Interferon in Active Chronic Multiple Sclerosis Lesions (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 540 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27083.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligodendrocyte Proliferation and Enhanced CNS Remyelination after Therapeutic Manipulation of Chronic Relapsing EAE (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 540 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27222.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquoreosinophilie nach Myelographie (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 210 (1975), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebral spinal fluid cytology ; Cytology of cerebral spinal fluid ; Eosinophilic cells after myelography: myelography and cerebral spinal fluid cytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über 2 Fälle berichtet, bei denen es nach lumbaler Myelographie zu einer vorwiegend lokalisierten unspezifischen entzündlichen Reaktion mit ausgeprägter Eosinophilie gekommen ist. Bei dem ersten Fall war zusätzlich ein Anstieg von IgG und IgA zu beobachten sowie eine passagere Schrankenfunktionsstörung. Der zweite Fall zeigte eine Haptoglobinvermehrung im Liquor als Zeichen der Akute Phase-Reaktion. Nach Abpunktion des Kontrastmittels kam es wieder zur Normalisierung des Liquorbefundes. Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen verschiedener Art auf jodhaltige Kontrastmittel sind bekannt. Wir konnten 2 Fälle beobachten, bei denen nach der mit Myodil durchgeführten Myelographie neben der auch sonst auftretenden Eiweiß- und Zellzahlvermehrung [20, 23] eine ausgeprägte Eosinophilie zu beobachten war.
    Notes: Summary 2 cases, one of polyneuropathy and one of funicular myelosis, in which myelography was performed, are reported. After the insertion of the contrast medium an increase of eosinophil leucocytes was observed. In one case an additional increase of IgG and IgA, as well as a penetration of macromolecular proteins and an increase of the total protein, was detected. The second case showed an increase in haptoglobulin in addition to the cellular reaction described. After removal of the contrast medium, the CSF became normal in both cases. These changes were on one hand interpreted as a functional lesion of the barrier, and on the other hand as a special cellular and humoral immune reaction. This could be distinctly detected in the lumbar CSF while in the suboccipital CSF there was only an indication of it. This emphasizes the assumption of a pathological reaction in the section of the cerebrospinal region that was in contact with the contrast medium (allergen-hyperergic reaction of the vascular fibrous tissue of the leptomeninges). No marked changes were observed in the serum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316384
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T and B lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of various neurological diseases (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 219 (1978), S. 185-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid ; B cells ; T cells ; Immunoglobulin levels ; Multiple sclerosis ; Viral meningitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von 66 Patienten wurden im Liquor außer Zellzahl, den B-und T-Zellen noch der Gesamteiweißgehalt sowie die absoluten Werte von Albumin, IgA, IgG, IgM und deren relativer Anteil am Gesamteiweiß untersucht. Im Blut war die Bestimmung der B- und T-Zellen bei 34 Patienten, die der Immunglobuline bei 51 Patienten möglich. Bei nicht entzündlichen Erkrankungen des zentralen Nervensystems liegt der prozentuelle Anteil der T-Zellen im Liquor zumeist etwas niedriger, der der B-Zellen etwas höher als die entsprechenden Blutwerte. Bei viralen Miningitiden kommt es zu einer deutlichen Verschiebung dieses B:T-Zellen-Verhältnisses, und zwar zu einem Ansteigen der T-Zellen bei daraus resultierendem B-Zellen-Abfall. Ähnliche Relationsveränderungen sind bei retrobulbären Neuritiden, die als Erstsymptome einer MS auftreten, zu finden. MS-Fälle mit schubförmiger Verschlechterung weisen einen höheren Anteil an T-Zellen auf als MS-Fälle mit chronisch progredientem Verlauf. Eitrige Meningitiden, Myelitiden und Polyneuropathie-Syndrome zeigen die Tendenz des T-Zellen-Anstieges und B-Zellen-Abfalles im Liquor in geringerer Ausprägung.
    Notes: Summary Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 66 patients with a variety of neurological disorders were studied for total protein content, absolute amount of albumin, IgA, IgG and IgM, as well as their quotients (fraction to total protein ratio), cell numbers and B cell and T cell levels. In addition, the percentage of B cells and T cells in the blood was determined in 34 patients and serum immunoglobulin levels were estimated in 51 patients. In noninflammatory diseases of the CNS, the percentage of B cells was slightly higher and T cell levels were lower in the CSF in comparison to corresponding blood values. The B cell to T cell ratio in viral meningitis was altered in the CSF. An apparent increase in the T cell level led to a decrease of B cell values. Similar changes were also found in optic neuritis. The percentage of T cells was higher in relapsing multiple sclerosis than in the chronic progressive form. There were less striking changes in the B cell to T cell ratios in the CSF of other inflammatory diseases of the CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314534
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