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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: This study provides new constraints on fast cooling and exhumation rates of high-pressure metamorphic rocks in young active mountain belts. Ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb analysis of zircon in a pyroxenite layer of the Cerro del Almirez ultramafic rocks (Nevado-Filábride Complex, southern Spain) gave an age of 15.0 ± 0.6 Myr (95% c.l.). Mineral inclusions demonstrate that zircon formed close to the high-pressure peak. Combined with previous fission track data, the 15 Myr age suggests high cooling (˜ 80 °C Myr−1) and exhumation (˜1.2 cm yr−1) rates for the unit. The new results indicate that both the Nevado-Filábride Complex and the overlying Alpujárride Complex, with somewhat higher ages and exhumation rates, underwent similar metamorphic evolutions at different times. This implies that the Alpujárride rocks were exhumed when the Nevado-Filábride was subducting and that the same tectonic scenario propagated from one portion of the Betic Cordilleras to another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 60 (1982), S. 253-292 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 40 (1978), S. 333-348 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 8 (1962), S. 281-325 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 57 (1970), S. 304-305 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Basanitic dykes (local name: Ehrwaldite) occur over a distance of at least fifty kilometres in a narrow, east-west trending zone within the Lechtal nappe of the Northern Calcareous Alps. The dykes crosscut Mesozoic sedimentary strata up to the Lower Cretaceous. The sedimentary rocks show contact-metamorphism in the immediate vicinity of the dykes. The Ehrwaldites vary in mineral content from olivine (fo 91–87) — titanian augite basanites to basanites containing also kaersutite, titanian biotite and zeolites. Minor phases are titanian magnetite, picotite, llmenite, carbonate and Sulfides. Mantle derived xenoliths and xenocrysts form up to five percent of the rock. Bulk chemical analyses show the typical characteristics of nepheline basanites (ne = 11–17 wt%; mg-number = 74–78) and demonstrate that the Ehrwaldites are primitive mantle-derived melts. Trace element contents of the dykes are in excellent agreement with those for basanites and olivine-nephelinites from Tertiary and Quaternary European Provinces. The same is true for the isotope characteristics of the dykes with average initial εSr and εNd values of −8.2 and +4.7, respectively. These data demonstrate similarities in the mantle source rocks and in the melting characteristics with European alkaline rocks and thus similarities in the European subcontinental mantle at different localities for the last 100 Ma. These data are in clear contrast with the value for the penninic suboceanic mantle. Geochemical constraints and piston cylinder experiments indicate a depth of origin of 〉 80 kilometres at temperatures of at least 1250 °C for the Ehrwaldites. Potassium-argon bulk rock data of petrographically different samples of the dykes from different localities yield consistent ages around 100 Ma (Upper Albian). After emplacement, the Ehrwaldites underwent conditions of the »zone of diagenesis« with temperatures around 120 °C which the late magmatic zeolites survived. For the evolution of the Northern Calcareous Alps west of Innsbruck this means that there was no subduction zone beneath the Northern Calcareous Alps at the time of magma ascent. The dykes intruded in an extensional regime when the Northern Calcareous Alps had not yet suffered thrust faulting. The Northern Calcareous Alps were still part of a continental basement far away from a possible Penninic subduction zone. To account for the ascent of the basanitic Ehrwaldite melts, a horst-graben system is proposed, possibly related to transpressive tectonics.
    Abstract: Résumé Des filons basanitiques (ehrwaldites) sont présent dans la nappe du Lechtal (Nördliche Kalkalpen) le long d'une étroite zone qui s'étend d'est en ouest sur plus de 50 Km. Ces filons traversent, jusqu'au Crétacé inférieur, les sédiments mésozoïques, qui sont légèrement métamorphisés à leur contact. Ces roches basanitiques contiennent, outre de l'olivine relativement fraîche (fo 91–87), de l'augite, de la biotite titanifère, de la kaersutite et des zéolites en quantités variables. Les minéraux accessoires identifiés sont la titano-magnétite, la picotite, l'apatite, l'ilménite, des carbonates et des sulfures. Des xénolithes et des xénocristaux provenant du manteau peuvent représenter jusqu'à 5% de la roche. La composition chimique des ehrwaldites, caractéristique de basanites à néphéline, montre qu'elles représentent un liquide primitif de fusion mantellique. Les teneurs en éléments en trace de ces roches correspondent parfaitement à ceux de basanites et de néphélinites à olivine que l'on trouve dans différentes provinces volcaniques européennes tertiaires et quaternaires. De telles analogies ont également été mises en évidence en ce qui concerne les caractéristiques isotopiques des filons qui montrent des valeurs initiales moyennes de ESr = −8.2 et ENd = +4.7. Ces données démontrent qu'entre les roches ici en question et les roches alcalines de diverses régions d'Europe, il existe une similitude quant aux roches parentales mantelliques et au processus de fusion et qu'il existe donc une similitude dans la nature du manteau subcontinental européen pendant les 100 derniers Ma. Ces données se distinguent nettement de celles qui caractérisent le manteau subocéanique du domaine pennique. Des données géochimiques complémentaires et des expérimentations de type cylindre/piston actuellement en cours indiquent pour les ehrwaldites une profondeur d'origine supérieure à 80 Km et des températures d'au moins 1250 °C. Les analyses géochronologiques K-Ar réalisées sur des échantillons provenant de différentes localités et de compositions pétrographiques diverses donnent des âges très comparables de 100 Ma. Après leur mise en place, les ehrwaldites ont subi des conditions typiques de la zone de diagenèse (T ∼ 120 °C), dans lesquelles les zéolites primaires ont été préservées. On peut déduire de ces résultats diverses conséquences sur le développement du domaine austroalpin à l'ouest d'Innsbruckr il n'existait pas de zône de subduction sous des Nördliche Kalkalpen pendant l'ascension des magmas; cette ascension a eu lieu au cours d'une phase d'extension, durant laquelle les Nördliche Kalkalpen n'avaient pas encore fait l'objet de phénomènes de charriage et participaient à un socle continental très éloigné de la zone de subduction pennique. L'ascension de ces ehrwaldites a pu avoir lieu le long d'un système en horst et graben, en relation avec une tectonique transformante.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Basanitische Ganggesteine (Lokalbezeichnung Ehrwaldite) treten in einer schmalen, über fünfzig Kilometer langen, Ost-West verlaufenden Zone der Lechtal-Decke in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen auf. Die Ganggesteine durchschlagen mesozoische Sedimente bis zur Unterkreide, welche in unmittelbarer Umgebung der Gänge kontakt-metamorphisiert wurden. Die basanitischen Gesteine enthalten neben zum Teil noch frischem Olivin (fo 91–87) wechselnde Anteile von Titanaugit, Kaersutit, Titanbiotit und Zeolithen. Nebengemengteile sind Titanomagnetit, Picotit, Apatit, Ilmenit, Karbonat und Sulfide. Mantelxenolithe und Mantelxenokristalle können bis zu fünf Prozent des Gesteins ausmachen. Die Gesamtgesteinschemie der Ehrwaldite belegt deren Charakter als primitive Mantelschmelzen und ist typisch für Nephehnbasanite (ne = 11–17 Gew.%, mg-Zahl = 74–78). Alle Spurenelementgehalte der Ehrwaldite stimmen ausgezeichnet mit denjenigen von Basaniten und Olivinnepheliniten tertiärer und quartärer Vulkanprovinzen in Europa überein. Dasselbe gilt für die Isotopencharakteristik der Gänge (mittleres εNd von + 4.7, mittleres εSr von −8.2). Die Daten belegen ähnliche Mantelausgangsgesteine und Schmelzcharakteristika wie für andere europäische Alkaligesteine und damit Ähnlichkeiten des europäischen subkontinentalen Mantels an verschiedenen Orten für den Zeitraum der letzten 100 Millionen Jahre. Die Isotopendaten stehen im eindeutigen Gegensatz zur Isotopencharakteristik des penninischen subozeanischen Mantels. Geochemische Daten und laufende Piston Cylinder Experimente ergeben eine Ursprungstiefe der Ehrwaldite als Mantelteilschmelzen von 〉 80 km bei Temperaturen von mindestens 1250 °C. K-Ar Gesamtgesteinsalter der Ehrwaldite an petrographisch verschiedenen Proben aus verschiedenen Aufschlüssen ergeben sehr konsistente Alter von ca. 100 Millionen Jahren (oberes Alb). Nach ihrer Platznahme erlitten die Ehrwaldite Bedingungen der »Diagenesezone« mit Temperaturen um 120 °C, wobei die primär gebildeten Zeohthe überlebten. Für die Entwicklung des Ostalpins westlich von Innsbruck bedeutet dies, daß zur Zeit des Magmenaufstiegs keine Subduktionszone unter den Nördlichen Kalkalpen bestand. Dieser Magmenaufstieg erfolgte in einem Gebiet mit Extension, als die Nördlichen Kalkalpen noch keinen Deckenbau aufwiesen und auf einem kontinentalen Sockel lagen, weit entfernt von einer penninischen Subduktionszone. Der Aufstieg der basanitischen Ehrwalditschmelzen könnte in einem Horst-Graben System erfolgt sein, welches möglicherweise Beziehungen zu transpressiver Tektonik aufwies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract During regional metamorphism of the Malenco serpentinized peridotite (Sondrio, northern Italy), the mineral assemblage pentlandite-awaruite-magnetite-native copper-antigorite-brucite-olivine-diopside is formed. The opaque assemblage indicates very reduced fluids with fO2 values 4 log units below QFM. Primary fluid inclusions were trapped in diopside overgrowth, contemporaneous with the opaque assemblage. These metamorphic fluids are saline aqueous solutions (about 10.4 mol% NaCl equivalent) and contain molecular H2 of approximately 1 mol%, as shown by micro-Raman analysis and microthermometry. The fluids are interpreted to have been formed during deserpentinization at the olivine-in isograd under strong reducing conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The prograde, high pressure, transition from antigorite serpentinite to enstatite-olivine rock occurs along a tectonically undisturbed profile at Cerro del Almirez, SE Spain. The reactant assemblage is antigorite + olivine with tremolite rimming precursor diopside. The product assemblage of tremolite + chlorite + enstatite + olivine has a spinifex-like texture with arborescent or radiating olivine elongated parallel to [001] and with radially grown enstatite. Product enstatite is very poor in Al2O3. Due to numerous oriented submicroscopic inclusions of chromian magnetite, product olivine has a brownish pleochroism and a bulk chromium content similar to precursor antigorite. Titanian clinohumite with a fluorine content of 0.45–0.50 wt% persisted beyond the breakdown of antigorite. The partitioning of iron and magnesium amongst the silicate phases is almost identical to that at lower pressures. Average Kd values Mn/Mg and Ni/Mg are 0.17 and 0.70 for antigorite-olivine pairs and 1.83 and 0.22 for orthopyroxene-olivine pairs, respectively. These data are useful in discriminating generations of olivine grown on each other. From the field data a phase diagram topology for a portion of the system CaO-MgO-SiO2-H2O is derived. This topology forms the basis for extrapolations into inaccessible P-T regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 66 (1978), S. 383-388 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The compositions of coexisting pyroxmangites, rhodonites, rhodochrosites and manganese calcites in regional metamorphosed manganese cale-silicate marbles from Val Scerscen and Alagna were analysed by microprobe and permit definition of critical tie lines at metamorphic grades appropriate to temperatures between 400 and 450 °C. Variations in composition of coexisting mineral pairs in one and the same locality are attributed to variations in $$f_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} }$$ and not to metamorphic temperatures. From the analysed assemblages isothermal $$f_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} } - X_{{\text{Ca/Ca + Mn}}}$$ plots (with SiO2 as excess component) were constructed for the system CaO-MnO-SiO2-CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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