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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diel variability of feeding activity in haddock (Melanogrammus aeglifinus) larvae in the East Shetland area, North Sea (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 361-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Investigations of factors affecting feeding success in fish larvae require knowledge of the scales of variability of the feeding process itself and the indices used to assess this variability. In this study, we measured short-term (diel) variability in feeding rates of wild haddock (Melanogrammus aeglifinus) larvae four times per day during a 10-d cruise in the northern North Sea. Feeding activity was evaluated using indices of gut fullness, prey digestive state and biochemical measurements (tryptic enzyme activity). The gut fullness and the enzyme activity indices indicated moderate to high rates of food consumption throughout the cruise. Time series analysis of the three indices showed significant diel variability in all indices and enabled identification of significant lags between food uptake and peak digestive enzyme activity. The typical pattern of food consumption and digestion was characterized by maximal ingestion of prey early in the evening (19:00 hrs) and peak digestive enzyme activity at 01:00  hrs. The time scale over which enzyme activities reacted to prey ingestion was ca. 6 h, and is consistent with expectations from controlled laboratory experiments with other larval fish species. Significant diel variability in tryptic enzyme activity suggests that attempts to relate this measure of feeding success to other variables (e.g. food concentrations) should take care to accommodate natural cycles in feeding activity before making statistical comparisons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050635
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of trypsin with a radioimmunoassay in herring larvae (Clupea harengus) compared with a highly sensitive fluorescence technique to determine tryptic enzyme activity (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 113 (1992), S. 469-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Enzymatic activity and quantity of the protease trypsin were measured in individual herring larvae (Clupea harengus L.). The enzymatic activity assay was done using a fluorescence technique, and a radioimmunoassay was used for quantification of trypsin. The results are compared and the differences between the techniques discussed. Both methods gave similar results, as high or low values in trypsin quantity were reflected in high or low values of tryptic activity. Quantity and activity were linearly and positively correlated, but small differences between methods were found at the lowest detection limits. Both techniques reflect high variability between individual larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349173
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eflect of lactose, lactulose and bisacodyl on gastrointestinal transit studied by metal detector (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim and methods: To study the effect of 45 g lactose, 30 g lactulose and 10 mg bisacodyl on gastrointestinal transit in 30 healthy volunteers by metal detector and Hinton marker method. The first set of measurements were performed under standard conditions. In a second stage, transit was slowed to twice the original value by loperamide to simulate constipation conditions. Results: Bisacodyl drastically accelerated small and large intestinal transit. Colonic transit was shortened to 23 % and to 31% of control values, without and with loperamide. Bisacodyl increased stool weight and decreased stool consistency in all persons. Lactulose marginally shortened small intestinal transit (P= 0.08) but significantly increased stool weight and decreased stool consistency. The accelerating effect of lactose on small intestinal transit was abolished by loperamide. Lactose did not influence colonic transit, stool weight or stool consistency. Results of metal detector and Hinton marker method corresponded well (r=0.75), the metal detector method measuring slightly shorter transit times than the Hinton marker method. Conclusions: With the dose chosen in this trial, lactose did not have any laxative effect in lactose tolerant persons. Laxative effect was mild with lactulose and most pronounced with bisacodyl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00354.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 2 doses of erythromycin on gastrointestinal transit of indigestible solids measured by metal detector
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 40 (1992), S. 265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(92)90448-4
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trypsin activity and physiological aspects in larval rearing of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) using live prey and compound diets (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a compound diet as a live prey substitute for feeding European sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). The effect of a commercial diet (Nippai ML feed) and live prey (Artemia nauplii) on tryptic enzyme activity, protein content, growth (standard length) and survival rates of sea bass larvae were tested during a 27-day rearing experiment. Sea bass larvae were divided into two groups. The live food group (control group) was fed exclusively on newly hatched Artemia nauplii (Inve AF grade), the test group was fed exclusively with the compound diet from day 15 onwards. As trypsin has been demonstrated to be a useful indicator for evaluating digestibility of food and the nutritional condition of fish larvae, individual tryptic enzyme activity was determined in both feeding groups. Larvae older than 14 days after hatching and fed on live food showed a significantly higher tryptic enzyme activity than larvae fed the compound diet. A similar relationship between tryptic activity and standard length in both test groups was detected only in small larvae (standard length 〈 7 mm). The usefulness of proteolytic enzyme activity measurements in larval fish research, as well as its use in aquaculture nutrition research, was confirmed. Protein content, increase in length and survival rates of the sea bass larvae were additionally determined in order to evaluate an influence on the diet. The protein content of larvae fed the Artemia nauplii was higher and the growth of larvae fed the compound diet was reduced. Larval mortality was not affected by the diet given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.1999.00138.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-3 fatty acids only delay early relapse of ulcerative colitis in remission (1996)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 41 (1996), S. 2087-2094 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: n-3 fatty acids ; fish oil ; ulcerative colitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Relapse prevention by dietary n-3 fatty acids (5.1 g/day) was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 64 patients with ulcerative colitis in remission and off steroids. 5-ASA compounds were stopped three months after randomization and clinical disease activity monitored for two years. Macroscopic and histologic activity and extension was assessed by colonoscopy at entry and at exit. Both treatment groups were well matched at start. Nine patients on placebo and eight on n-3 fatty acids stopped taking their medication prematurely. Actuarial relapse-free survival was improved by n-3 fatty acids only during months 2 and 3 (2P〈0.05−0.01), but cumulative relapse rate at two years was similar for those taking placebo (18/33=55%) and n-3 fatty acids (18/31=58%). There was also no consistent difference in clinical, macroscopic, and histologic disease activity between treatment groups. The n-3 fatty acids temporarily retard, but do not prevent, relapse of ulcerative colitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02093614
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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